2903 V ,
2005 .
.
1.
1.1
1.2
2. 1
2.1
2.2
3. 2.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
1.
: , ( ), , , . , . .
(), () (), - . ( 2,), (5-10) , (. 2, -). (5-8), (. 2,-).
...
F
2 3 h p
1 h
A
. 1. ..
. ( ) , . . ( ), (. . 1,,).
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. ( ) , 10-15%, . .
() 18 20-30. 1/6-1/8 , (0.8-1.3)h, 3. (. . 2,,,). , 10.
) ) ) )
t
x x h
h w
b 1 t
) ) )
- { - , , (., , .., .., .. . . - .: , 1985).} (. . 1,) 36 . . (1/6-1/8)l, h - (1/5-1/7)d ( l- ; d- , 6).
.
. , , . T 10-125 . 3. (. 3,). , ( 2.01.07-85 =0.85- ; =1- ).
. 3.
- 10-50/10; - 80/20-125/20; -
, , :
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F= ; (1)
T= , (2)
k d1, k d2 - ; k d1 : 1- 1.1-1.2- ; =1.1- ; - ( ); k d1 =1- , (1K-6K) k d2 =1.1- (7K-8K) ( 1).
, , :
= f * (Q+G t) * (n k '/n k)/n 0, (3)
f- , 0.1- 0.2- ; Q- ; G t - , ( G t =0.3G c, G c - ); n k - , n k '- .
, , , , n k '/n k = 0.5 f=0.1 (3) :
= 0.05* (Q+G t)/n 0 (4)
. 4. M max Q max
,- l=12; ,- , l=6; 1 I; 2 II
1. k d
, . | ||||
, | 1 - 4 | |||
5 - 6 | £12 | 1,1 | ||
>12 | ||||
7 - 8 | £12 | 1,2 | 1,1 | |
>12 | 1,1 | 1,1 |
. k d1 = k d2 =1.
= 0.1 (Q+G t)/n 0, (4,a)
n 0 - ; n 0 = 2- Q=5...50; n 0 = 4- 80...125 n 0 = 8 - 160...320.
(5)
, M max Q max . M max , - ( ) (. 4,,). Q max , - (.4,,).
{ , , 1.5 / 2 (150/ 2) = 1.4.} :
; (6)
, (6a)
= 1.03- 6; = 1.05- 12 = 1.08- 18.
M Q , M max Q max, M Q T n F n :
M = M max * (); (7)
Q = Q max * (); (7a)
M Q ;
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, , .
.
.
L=12 6 Q=150/30 . 24, 22,5. 35 380-71*. = 0,95.
.
. Q=15/3. .3 .1 : = 190: G t =7; -70 4121-76* ( h=120, b=120, A=67,3 2, J x =1081,99 4, J y =327,16 4, 1. q=52,7).
(1)
= 1,1*1,1*0,95*190*0,95=207,5,
k d2 = 1,1; = 1,1; = 0,95; = 0,95.
(2) =0,05*(150+70)/2=5,5 H, (5) T n =0,1*190=19H.
= 1 * 1,1 * 0,95 * 19 * 0,95 =18,9H,
k d2 = 1; = 1,1; = 0,95; = 0,95.
. ( .4,,). R=3*F x (.5,):
x = F * [K-(B-K)] / (3*F) = 207,5 * [4,4-(6,3-4,4)] / (3*207,5) =0,834 {84},
B=6300 ; K=4400 ( .3 . I).
: R R b:
R a = (207,5/12) * (8,32+6,42+2,02) = 290 H;
R b = 3*F- R a = 3*207,5 290 = 332 H;
, ( 2 .5,),
M max = 290*5,58-207,5*1,9 = 1224 H*;
(6)
M x = * M max = 1.05*1224=1285.2H*;
(7)
M T = M max * () = 1224*19/190=122.4H*;
, - , . 5,,
. 5.
- M max; - Q max
1 I; 2 II.
M x = * M max = 1,05*1224=1285,2 H*;
(7)
M T = M max * () = 1224*19/190=122,4H*;
, , . 5,,
Q a = * Q max = 1,05*(207,5/12)*(12+10,1+5,7)=504,7H;
Q T = Q max * ()= (504,7/1,05)*19/190=48H.
. [1/n 0 ]= 1/600 =1,15:
h min =(l*n 0 /4800)*(l/ ) = (1200*600/4800)*(1/1,15)=130,
= M/M n 1,15.
W d = M/( * (R y 2))=128520/(1*(22.5-2))=6270 3,
= 1- ; (R y 2)- , 20 .
:
t w = 7 + 3 * h min / 1000 = 7+3*1300/1000=10,9 .
t w =10.
:
h opt = 1,15 * = 1,15* = 91 .
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h w = 1200 ( 19903-74*).
t w ³ 1,5 * Q/ (R s * h w) = 1,5*504,7/(13*120)= 0,49 < 1,
R s = 0,58*R/ = 0,58*235/1,05=129,8 130 .
t min =( *F 1 /(3,25* *R y) =
=(1,1*209/(3,25*1*22,5))* = 0,17 < 1,
F 1 = =1,1*190=209 ; =1,1 ; I r =1082 2 KP-70; , R y = 225 = 22,5 / 2.
. 6 .
:
2* f =(3/2)*W d /h w =(3/2)*6270/120=78,4 2 ;
A f =39,2 2 .
: 120010; A w =120 2, 30014; A f =42 2. :
- 16, =18,1 2 ;
- t=6,
30014( 6).
16 , ; , , 1,5 /2, =1,4, 1/250.
. :
I x =(1*120 3 /12)+2*1,4*30*(60+0,7) 2 =453497 4;
W x =2*I x /h=(2*453497)/(120+2*1,4)=7386 3;
S x =1,4*40*(60+0,7)+60*1*30=5199,2 3.
, , 16:
( )
z y =S y / =(18,1*93,2+82*0,6*52)/(18,1+82*0,6+30*1,4)=38,8 ;
( )
I y =(63,3+18,1*54,4 2 +82 3 *0,6)/12+(0,6*82*13,2 2 +1,4*30 3)/12+1,4*30*38,8 2 =
=156083 4;
W y =I y /(Z y +b f /2)=156083/(38,8+15)=2901 3.
:
=/W x +M t /W y =128520/7386+12240/2901=21,6/ 2 (216 )<(R y * )=225,
=1;
.
=(Q*S x)/(I x *t w)=(504,7*4350)/(453497*1)=4,84 / 2 (48,4 )<R s =130 ,
=(1,5*Q)/(h w *t w)=(1,5*504,7)/(120*1)=6,31 / 2 (76)<Rs=130
. :
f/l=(M n *l)/(10*E*I x)=(111756*1200)/(10*2,06*10 4 *453497)=1/697<[1/n0]=1/600
M nM/1,15=128520/1,15=111756 /; E=2,06*10 5 .
, , 116118 , .
. : b ef /t=(0,5*(300-10))/14=145/14= =10,3<0.5* =0,5* =15,1 5. .
. :
=(h ef /t w)* =(120/1)* =3,96>2,5,
, . = 3,96>2,2 ( ) . >3,2 2 h ef ( £3,2 2,5 h ef).
2000 , 2 h ef = 2*1200=2400 . :
- b r h w /30+40=1200/30+40=80 ;
- b r =90;
- t r 2b r = 2*9 =0,59 ; t r =6.
, , , (. 7,). = 2 h ef = h w= 1,2 ., , 0,5h w =0,5*120=60 ; 0 =h w =1200. x 1 x 2:
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x 1 =2000 600=1400 ;
x 2 =6000 600=5400 .
. 7.7.
: