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7.1
7.1.1 : , , , ,
7.1.2 , ; , , .
, 10 , 7.2
7.2
7.2.1 . : 200, 20, 80, 5, 5, 10, 15, 10, 15, 5. .
7.2.2 . : 118, 9, 5, 40, 20, 18, 4, 12, 21, 7, 2, 120, 䳿 4, 280, 30, 126, 24. .
7.2.3 . : 118, 9, 5, 40, 20, 18, 4, 12, 21, 7, 2, 120, 䳿 4, 280, 30, 126, 24. .
7.2.4 . : 118, 9, 5, 40, 20, 18, 4, 12, 21, 7, 2, 120, 䳿 4, 280, 30, 126, 24. .
7.2.5 , , ( . ): 560; 40; 90; 128; 485; 15; 8; 1276.
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:
. : 224, 11, 15, 82, 40, 44, 8, 21, 31, 10, 5, 320, 䳿 9, 580, 76, 326, 44. .
: ( . .)
= 224 ײ = 31 = + ²+ +
= 11 = 10
= 15 = 5 , ,
= 82 = 320 ,
= 40 = 9 : ² = ײ + ;
= 44 = 580 = 8 = 76 : = + => = ;
= 21 = 326
= 44 : = -
² = 31 + 11 = 42 . .
= 82 44 = 38 . .
( ) -? = 15 10 = 5 . .
= 320 + 42 + 38 + 5 = 405 . .
³: 405 . .
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- , ; ; : (), () , , (); , () ; , ; - 䳿 䳿, ' ; ( - ) .
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:
1. / . .., ... .: , 2004, .476-485
2. . / . .., .., ... .: , 2007, .274-286
3. .., .. . .: , 2005, .276-281
4. : / . .. . .: , 2006, .433-442
5. .., .., ҳ .. . .: , .29-50
8
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, 8 , 8.1 8.2:
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8.1
8.1
8.1
, | , | , |
8.1.1 = / ∙ 100%
8.1.2 = / ∙ 100%
8.1.3 = ( ) ∙ 2,5%
8.1.4 = ( ) ∙ 2,7%
8.1.5 = (100 ) ∙
8.1.6 = (100 ) ∙
8.1.7 = ∙ 100
100
8.1.8 = ∙ 100
100
8.1.9 =
8.1.10 =
8.2
:
8.2.1 г 10%, 6%. .
8.2.2 3 . , 30 . . .
8.2.3 10% . 500 . . ?
8.2.4 600 . . ³, 12% . ?
8.2.5 г 4%, 2%. 12%. .
8.2.6 г 12%, 5%. .
8.2.7 12% . 600 . . ?
8.2.8 800 . . ³, 10% . ?
, 10 , 8.1, 8.3 :
8.3
8.3.1 г 10%, 6%. 200 . . ().
8.3.2 33 . , 30 . , 5%, 185 . . ?
8.3.3 800 . , 2%, 4%, 9%. ?
8.3.4 г 12%, 2%, 3%. 200 . . ().
8.3.5 27 . , 3 . , 6%, 200 . . ?
8.3.6 800 . , 2%, 4%, 9%. ?
8.3.7 10% . 5%. , 30 . .
8.3.8 12% . 6%. , 2 . .
:
30 . , 27 . , 6%, 180 . . ?
:
= 30 . . =
= 27 . . = (100 )
= 6% 100
=180 . . = ( ) 2,5
= 100%
=?
=
= 30 . 27 . = 3 . .
= 3 . 100% = 10%
30 .
= (10 6) 2,5 = 10%
= (100 10) 180 .=162 . .
= 180 . 162 . = 18 . .
³: 18 . .
9
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, 8 , 9.1 :
9.1
9.1.1 1995 . 1995 1997 , 1997 128%.
9.1.2 (), 1996 98%, 1995 .
9.1.3 1997 . 486,2 . ., 121,7%. .
9.1.4 1990 . 273,2 . ., 85,7%, .
9.1.5 1997 . 85,7%, 1995 . . 1997 . ?
, 10 , 9.2 :
9.2
9.2.1 1995 . 1990 25%, 1997 128%. 1990 1997 .
9.2.2 , 120 . ., 150 . ., 110 . ., 130 . . ?
9.2.3 : 1992 . 3000%, 1993 . 10000%, 1994 . 860%, 1995 . 280%, 2000 . 28,5%, 2001 . 6,1%, 2004 . 12,4%. . , , , , .
9.2.4 , 120%, 130%, 140%?. ?
9.2.5 2005 . 2000 75%, 2007 120%. 2000 2007 .
9.2.6 , 300 . ., 250 . ., 210 . ., 130 . . ?
9.2.7 , 130%, 140%, 150%?. ?
9.2.8 1995 . 1990 25%, 1997 128%. 1990 1995 , 1995 1997 .
.
:
г 2 . 1 35%, 3 98%, 4 120% 1 4 , 2 3 , 3 4 .
:
(1) = 35% Ҳ = 100% Ҳ (2 3) = 98% - 100% = -2%
(3) = 98% Ҳ (1 4) = 120 35 ∙ 100% = 242,9%
(4) = 120% 35
г 2 - Ҳ = ∙ 100% Ҳ (3 4) = 120 98 ∙ 100% = 22,4%
98
Ҳ (1 4) -?
Ҳ (2 3) -?
Ҳ (3 4) -?
³: 2 3 2%, 1 4 242,9%, 3 4 22,4%.
, 110 . ., 135 . ., 105 . ., 115 . . ?
:
(1) = 110 . . Ҳ = (2) (1) ∙ 100% (1) = 110 ∙ 100 = 104,8%
(1) = 105 . . (1) 105
(2) = 135 . . (2) = 135 ∙ 100 = 117,4%
(2) = 115 . . = ∙ 100% 115
Ҳ= 117,4 104,8 ∙100 = 12%
Ҳ -? 104,8
³: 12%, .
10