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, p = const, , V = const- , =const - . , . S=const, .
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-
; | (2) |
; | (3) |
-
; | (4) |
, | (5) |
g - , ,
. | (6) |
. :
δQ = dE + δA. | (7) |
δQ = TdS = 0 S = const,
dE = - δA. | (8) |
.
:
, | (9) |
(8)
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. | (10) |
dV >0 d< 0, dV< 0 - d > 0.
(10) ,
. | (11) |
, , V:
. | (12) |
(12) ~pV (1), p, V (5).
- (. 1), , . .
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. - (. 1). , , .
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- p0 . Dh2 - .
p, V (. 2). V1 0 .
. 1. , V2 2. p2 = p0. . 2. 1 2
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. | (15) |
. 0 p0 > p3. . 3 . 1 3 0, . 1 . 3 , (4):
. | (16) |
(15) (16), V2/V1,
. | (17) |
(13) (14):
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(18) |
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Dh1 Dh2.
1. . , , . , . Dh1 ().
2. . , , . 2-3 , , , , Dh2.
3. (19) g.
4. 5-7 .
5. < g >.
6. . g, .
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2.3