.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


,




 

. , . , , , . , , . , , / , . , , , . , , ..

. , . , , . . : . , . ( ) , .

. ( ) , , .

, , . , . .

, . , , , .

. , , - ( ). . , .

. , . , , , , , . , .

IBM 360. , - , . , OS/360 , , , .

. . , , : , .. . : , , , (, ).

, , , , . . . , . .

, . . , .

, , . , , , . , . , , .

. ( ), , , ..

, . , , ().

, . . . , 60- , Apollo . . . , . , - , .

North American Aviation ( Rockwell International) GUAM (Generalized Update Access Method). GUAM , , . . 60- IBM NAA GUAM, IMS (Information Management System). , IBM IMS , , , , . . , IMS , , .

60- IDS(Integrated Data Store) General Electric. . (network) , . , , , . 1965 CODASYL (Conference on Data Systems Languages), , List Processing Task Force, 1967 Data Base Task Group (DBTG). DBTG , . 1969 , 1971 . DBTG : , , .

( ), , .

, .

, .

DBTG : (Data Definition Language DDL) , ; ( DDL) , , ; (Data Manipulation Language DML), .

, (American National Standards Institute ANSI), DBTG. CODASYL-, DBTG-. CODASYL- . :

;

;

.

1970 .. (.F. Codd), IBM, , . , 70- 80- . System R, IBM, -, , 70- . , . :

SQL, ;

80- , DB2, SQL/DS IBM Oracle Oracle Corporation.

, . CA-OpenIngres Computer Associates Informix Informix Software, Inc. Access FoxPro Microsoft, Paradox Visual dBase Borland, R:Base Microrim. .

, , . . 1976 - (Entity-Relationship model ER-), 1979 RM/T (1979), RM/V2 (1990). , , (semantic data modeling). : - , OO (Object-Oriented DBMS OODBMS), - , (Object-Relational DBMS ORDBMS).

 





:


: 2016-11-18; !; : 1632 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1812 - | 1581 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.016 .