, . . , . . , . , . . , . , . , , .
3.5. Intel 8086 (1978 .) 20 . 220 1 . , 220 = 1 .
Intel 80486 (1989 .) 32 . 232 = 22230 = 22 = 4 .
Intel Pentium Pro (1995 .) Physical Address Extension (PAE), 36 . 236 = 26230 = 26 = 64 .
. MS DOS.
CS16 1016 + IP16,
CS, IP , .
,
FFFF16 1016 + FFFF16 = FFFF016 + FFFF16 = 10FFEF16 = 111409510,
1114096 = 1 + 64 16 .
, Intel 8086, . . 220 = 1.
, , .
3.6. Intel 80486 16 . 1 + 64 16 . 16
(1 + 64 16 ) = 15 64 + 16 .
, :
1 114 096 : 15 663 120 6,64: 93,36.
, 90% .
. XMS EMS.
, , .
|
|
. , , .
XMS (eXtended Memory Specification) XMM (, HIMEM.SYS). EMS (Expanded Memory Specification) . , , . EMS EMM386.EXE Quarterdeck EMM.
, , . , , . , , . , , , , . . , , .
. , :
■ (13 ) ;
■ (1 ), , ( ) ;
■ (2 ).
. , . IP . .
Intel 80286 (1982 .) 224 = 24 220 = 16 , - 1 .
, ( ). (, Microsoft Windows), (. 3.7).
. , (). , .
. 3.7.