, , , , ( ) , .
.
( , , ). , , , . . . : , , , , .
, , , , . (, , ) .
( ) , , . . , , , , . .
, , , , , . , , () .
, , . ( ) .
, , .
( ) () . , , .
() ( , ) .
, , .
, 1 . ., 7%. 7%, , , 1 . .
(FC, . fixed costs ) , , . : , , , , ..
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(VC, . variable costs ) - , , , , ..
, (VC) , (FC) . ( , , ..).
(TC total costs ) . , , , , .
TC = FC + VC.
, ( ), , ( ).
, .
P TC
VC
FC
Q
.2. , ,
, .
, , , , . . . .
, ( ), , . , , , .
, . AC (. average costs) Q (. quantity).
AFC (. average fixed costs), AVC (. average variable costs) ATC (. average total costs) .
FC
AFC =
Q
VC
AVC =
Q
TC FC + VC
ATC = =
Q Q
AC
ATC
AYC
AFC
0 Q
.4.
, , .. , MC (. marginal costs):
D VC
MC = D Q,
D VC ; DQ .
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MC
MC
Q
.3.
, , , AYC . AYC .
MC MC Q0
TC ATC
. .
AYC
0 Q 0 Q
.5. ,
, , , . .
:
.
TR = PQ,
TR , , Q .
.
TR
AR =,
Q
AR , TR - .
.
DTR
MR =
DQ
MR , DTR .
(Pr) Pr = TR TC
TR , .. . U ( ).
TR TC
TC
. . n TR
m
0 Qm Qn Q1
.6.
, DTR=DTC MR=. , .
, 2- :
1) , AVC=M, TR > TC;
2) V , Pr , MR=MC DTR=DTC
, : MP=AP, TR > TC, MC= MR, AVC=MC.
() , , .. , . .
:
- ( ) () ;
- ;
- ;
- , , .
. , ( ).
, .
, - , , , ..( , , ..).
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, , .
, . , , . . , , , , ( ).
.
MP (. marginal product) .