4.1.
(x o, y o) | |||||||||
x 2 + y 2 = R 2 | (x - x o)2 + (y - y o)2 = R 2 | ||||||||
R - | |||||||||
(x o, y o) | |||||||||
: a, b - (a > b) a - b | c - e - t | : c 2 = a 2 - b 2; e = ; 0 £ e < 1 | |||||||
: | (x o, y o): | : | : | ||||||
: a, b - a - b - | c e t | : c 2 = a 2 + b 2; e = ; e > 1 | |||||||
: y 2 = 2 px | (x o, y o): (y - y o)2 = 2 p (x - x o) | : x = p /2 | |||||||
p | |||||||||
4.2.
: M , r, r 1, r 2 - | Y | y | y |
F 1( c, 0), F 2(+ c, 0) | F 1( c, 0), F 2(+ c, 0) | F (p/ 2, 0) | |
y 2 = 2 px | |||
r 1 = a + ex r 2 = a - ex | r 1 = ex + a r 2 = ex - a | r = + x | |
r 1 + r 2 = 2 a | | r 1 - r 2| = 2 a | r = d | |
x = - p/ 2 | |||
, , . | , , . | , , , . |
4.3.
: : j - (x, y) - (x¢, y¢) - r = - - r¢ = - - : T j = , = T - j = : r = T j r¢, r¢ = T - j r : ; |
: : (x o, y o) - (x¢, y¢) - (x², y²) - r o = - - r¢ = - - r² = - - () () : r¢ = r² + r o, r² = r¢ - r o : , |
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4.4.
: F (x, y) = a 11 x 2 + 2 a 12 xy + a 22 y 2 - A = - |
¯
: | A - l E | = 0 = 0; l1 l2 - |
¯
l1 l2 Ar = l r . . , . |
¯
r 1 = r 2 = . . 1. r 1 r 2 . 2. r 1 r 2 , × r 1× r 2 = 0 . |
¯
: e 1 = r 1, e 2 = r 2. |
¯
: T j = || e 1| e 2|| = . . 1. e 1 e 2 , T j ; . 2. sin j > 0, ( ); sin j < 0, . |
¯
j T j. |
4.5.
: a 11 x 2 + 2 a 12 xy + a 22 y 2 + 2 b 1 x + 2 b 2 y + c = 0, F (x, y) = a 11 x 2 + 2 a 12 xy + a 22 y 2 - , L (x, y) = 2 b 1 x + 2 b 2 y - , c - . |
¯
l1 l2 T j F (x, y). |
¯
(): ) F (x¢, y¢) = l1 x¢ 2 + l2 y¢ 2; ) L (x¢, y¢) = 2= || b 1 b 2|| T j = 2 x¢ + 2 y¢. : : l1 x¢ 2 + l2 y¢ 2 + 2 x¢ + 2 y¢ + c = 0. |
¯
|
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( O¢x¢y¢) (, ): ) l1×l2 ¹ 0, (, ) - ; x¢ y¢. : l1(x¢ - )2 + l2(y¢ - )2 = ². ) l1×l2 = 0, (, ) - (); x¢, l1 ¹ 0, y¢, l2 ¹ 0. : l1(x¢ - )2 = -2 (y¢ - ) l2(y¢ - )2 = -2 (x¢ - ). |
¯
x¢ - = x², y¢ - = y²: ) l1 x² + l2 y² = ²; ) l1 x² 2 = -2 y² l2 y² 2 = -2 x². |
¯
: | ||
1. l1×l2 > 0: , . | 2. l1×l2 < 0: , . | 2. l1×l2 = 0: , y² 2 = 2 px² x² 2 = 2 py². |
¯
: . |
. 4.5.
1. , .
2. a 12 = 0, .
4.6.
( F (x,y) = 0) | |||||
1) | 2) | 3) y 2=2 px | |||
, | |||||
1) | 2) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = R 2 | 3) | |||
4) | 5) | ||||
1) , p > 0, q > 0 | 2) , p > 0, q > 0 | ||||
. .