2.1 㳿 Ethernet
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Ethernet , , - 㳿. Ethernet , Ethernet Network, Xerox 1975 . . 60- Aloha (CSMA/CD). B 1980 D, Intel Xerox Ethernet II , , Ethernet. Ethernet Ethernet DIX Ethernet II.
IEEE 802.3. DIX, 㳿. Ether () 㳿 . Ethernet v1.0 Ethernet v2.0 , IEEE 802.3 . IEEE 802.3 MAC LLC, Ethernet ' .
Ethernet DIX (Ethernet Configuration Test Protocol), IEEE 802.3. , . , Ethernet, IEEE, Ethernet DIX, 㳺 802.3, Ethernet .
IEEE 802.3
- 10Base-5, 10Base-2, 10Base-T, 10Base-FL, 10Base-FB.
Fast Ethernet 㳿 Ethernet. 10- Ethernet 15 . 90- . ' Intel 80286 80386 ISA ( 8 /) EISA (32 /) Ethernet 1/8 1/32 "' - ", '. 볺 Pentium ( ) PCI (133 /) 1/133, . 10- Ethernet , , , .
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1992 , 㳿 Ethernet SynOptics, 3Com , ' Fast Ethernet Alliance 㳿, Ethernet- . Fast Ethernet.
IEEE 㳿 - . 1992 1993 IEEE 100- , . Fast Ethernet Alliance , Hewlett-Packard AT&T.
(CSMA/CD). Fast Ethernet 10Base-T 100Base-T. HP AT&T, , Fast Ethernet Alliance, , Demand Priority. ³ , Ethernet 802.3, IEEE 802.12.
1995 IEEE Fast Ethernet 802.3u, , 802.3.
³ Fast Ethernet Ethernet (.2.1). 㳿 Fast Ethernet
, : , 2- 5 4- 3, Ethernet ( ), - , . , Fast Ethernet , , Ethernet, , , , .
㳿 Fast Ethernet : - 100 /c; - () Ethernet; - 㳿 ( ).
10Base-T ( Ethernet) , 㳺: Fast Ethernet , .
100Base-T (802.3u) ( OSI) : 100Base-TX UTP 5, STP Type 1; 100Base-T4 UTP 3, 4 5; 100Base-FX .
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Ethernet ( Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet) CSMA/CD.
. 2.1. ³ 㳿 Fast Ethernet 㳿 Ethernet
2.2 CSMA/CD
ϳ LLC MAC Fast Ethernet . :
ϳ LLC Ethernet , , IP IPX. LLC, 2.2, MAC DSAP SSAP . , LLC IPX, DSAP, SSAP 0. LLC :
1 ' , . 03, .
2 ', , . LLC HDLC.
3 ', .
. 2.2 LLC SNAP
LLC, SNAP (Subnetwork Access Protocol). SNAP DSAP SSAP AA, 03, , , 4 , (OUI) 00 ( AppleTalk), (TYPE) (, 0800 IP). LLC LLC/SNAP IEEE 802.2H.
ϳ MAC Ethernet, .
Ethernet, ( , ), - : - , , . . 糿 .
MAC- . , MAC- ,
. Գ . , . , , 32 (jam-), .
ϳ 糿 MAC- , . . , , ( 10-), . - 16, MAC- , LLC-. MAC- , , , , . , : - (FCS error); - (jabber error); - (runts); - (alignment error). , LLC-, - .
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㳿 Ethernet
㳿 Fast Ethernet 10- Ethernet. .2.3 MAC- Ethernet, 10 / 100 /. Ethernet-II ( Ethernet DIX), Xerox, Intel Digital IEEE 802.3, L ( ) T ( ). 1518 , Ethernet DIX IEEE 802.3. Fast Ethernet 10 㳿 10- Ethernet: 10 100 , - 0.96 9.6 .
. 2.3 MAC-