________________ ! ,
, , , : , , -
, : , , . , , 1665
, .
, . , . ? , . , , . , , XVII , , . , , (Robert Gould, Paul Brounstein & Harold Sigall, 1977) , , . , .
. . (Maureen Stapleton) , , , - .
2. 9!
, ?
, (Roy Baumeister, Stacey Ilko, 1995) , . , , , , , , . , , ; , , . , , .
,
, , . , (Arkin & others, 1986; Baumeister & Scher, 1988; Rhodewalt, 1987): , , .
? -, . , , , ,
|
|
? - -, -
, :
- .
, . , ; , -. , - ( ; ), .
, (Steven Berglas & Edward Jones, 1978), . , . - , . - , , :
; .
, , 1890
, - ! - . , " *'* <*-^." . 71 nnvrnfi -iwiimoT T^-11/T.tt -
■ I.
? , , , .
, . , :
■ (Rhociewalt & others, 1984).
■ , , , (Hormuth, 1986; Pyszczynski & Greenberg, 1983; Riggs, 1992; Turner & Pratkanis, 1993).
■ (Shepperd & Arkin, 1991). (Baumgardner, 1991).
■ , (Baumgardner & Brownlee, 1987).
- , ... : , ; , (Frankel & Snyder, 1987).
, , , -. , . , , , .
|
|
( ), ( ). , . (), (Schlenker & others, ). , , , , -- (Schlenker & Weigold, 1992). . , ,
, , , (Leary & others, 1994). , , , .
, , , , - , (Arkin & Baumgardner, 1985). , : , ; ; ;
:
, ,
- .
2. ■ 97
:
.
, , , . , , 1930
; (Leary & others, 1994). , , (Arkin & others, 1980; Riess & others, 1981; Weary & others, 1982). , -, .
. , , , . , (, , , ), , (Snyder, 1987). , , , , (Zanna & Olson, 1982). , . ; , (Snyder & DeBono, 1989; Snyder & Copeland, 1989).
, . , , , ( & Hancock, 1983). - (, ) ( ) .
, , . , , (Carlston & Shovar, 1983). , (Forsyth & others, 1981; Holtgraves & Srull, 1989; Schlenker & Leary, 1982). : , (Miller & Schlenker, 1985). - , ( , ) . , , .
|
|
, , (Heine & Lehman, 1995; Markus & Kitayama, 1991; Wu & Tseng, 1985). . -
98 ■ I.
. - . .
... , .
(14691527)
. , (Philip Zimhardo, 1993), . , . , , , , , (Codol, 1976; de Vrics & van Knippenbcrg, 1987; Feather, 1983; Hagiwara, 1983; Jain, 1990; Licbrand & others, 1986; Lcfebvre, 1979; Murphy-Berman & Sharma, 1986; and Ruzzene & Nollcr, 1986 ).
, . , , . , , , , . , , , .