1. .
HClO
HClO2
HClO3
HClO4
:
(ClO)2
ClO3
2. .
HBrO
HBrO2
HBrO3
HBrO4
3. .
HJO
HJO2
HJO3
HJO4
- , , - . 2,5 . (-50º) . , , . . | - . . 6 , , . Bromos - . . , . , , . | - . (). - . , , . , . |
1. , 1879. . , . . 2. : () tº )MnO2+4HCl=MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O tº )KClO3+6HCl=3Cl2↑+KCl+3H2O )2KMnO4+16HCl=5Cl2↑+MnCl2+2KCl+ +8H2O | 1. : MgBr2 + Cl2 = Br2 + MgCl2 2. : tº MnO2+2KBr+2H2SO4=MnSO4+Br2+ +K2SO4+2H2O | 1. : 2KJ + Cl2 = J2 +2KCl 2. : tº MnO2+2KJ+2H2SO4=MnSO4+J2+ +K2SO4+2H2O |
, , ( ) | ||
1. : Cl2 + Cu = CuCl2 2. ( , , ): 2 +3Cl2 = 2Cl2 Cl2 + 2 = 2Cl↑ 3. : Cl2 + 2 = Cl + Cl 4. : ) 2NaOH+Cl2=NaCl+NaClO+H2O ) 6+3Cl2=5Cl+Cl3+32 5. : 2KBr + Cl2 = Br2 + 2KCl 2KJ + Cl2 = J2 + 2KCl : + Cl2 = Cl2 ( ) | 1. : 2K + Br2 = 2KBr 2. ( , , ): 2 + 3Br2 = 2PBr3 tº Br2 + H2 =2HBr tº<200º 3. : Br2 + H2O = HBr + HBrO 4. : ) 2NaOH+Br2=NaBr+NaBrO+H2O ) 6+3Br2=5Br+Br3+32 5. : 2KJ + Br2 = J2 + 2KBr | 1. : Fe + J2 = FeJ2 2. ( , , ): 2P + 3J2 = 2PJ3 tº H2 +J2 = 2HJ tº>200º 3. : J2 + H2O = HJ + HJO 4. : ) J2+2KOH=KJ+KJO+H2O ) 3J2+6KOH=5KJ+KJO3+3H2O |
: . | ||
1. : t=450º 1. NaCl+H2SO4=HCl↑+NaHSO4 (.) t=700-800º 2. NaCl+NaHSO4=HCl↑+Na2SO4 ( NaCl NH4Cl) 2. : | 1. : 1. 2 + 3Br2 = 2PBr3 2. PBr3 + 32 = 3HBr↑ + H3PO3 2. : | 1. : PJ3 + 3H2O = 3HJ↑ + H3PO3 2. : |
, , : | ||
HCl HCl ↔ + + Cl- HCl | HBr HBr ↔ + + Br- | HJ HJ ↔ + + J- |
- . | ||
HCl + AgNO3 = AgCl↓ + HNO3 Ag+ + Cl- = AgCl↓ AgCl+2NH4OH=[Ag(NH3)2]Cl+2H2O [Ag(NH3)2]Cl+2HNO3=AgCl↓+2NH4NO3 | 1. KBr + AgNO3 = AgBr↓ + KNO3 Br- + Ag+ = AgBr↓ 2. Cl2 + 2KBr = Br2↓ + 2KCl - | 1. KJ + AgNO3 = AgJ↓ + KNO3 J- + Ag+ = AgJ↓ 2. Cl2 + 2KJ = J2 + 2KCl |
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. . , , , , 2007 .; . 175-296.