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;
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, ;
, .
, . .
(OS, operator station) . , , (, Industrial Ethernet). , , ( 4000 - 10000 ).
.5. SIMATIC PCS7 Siemens
. Windows (Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000/XP, Windows 2003 Server). :
( , ) - Process Visualization;
- Alarm Visualization;
( ) - Historical Archiving;
() - Operator Control;
- Access Control and Operators Actions Archiving;
( , , ..) - Automated Reporting.
- . - , , . , , , , . , , . , .
SCADA - . SCADA (. . Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) - . SCADA- - . SCADA- () . , , , .
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10-15 . , , , . , , - . , , , , , , 60- 20% (80%, , ), 90- 80%, , , (.6).
.6. .
, : () , , , - , , , , - SCADA - .
: human-centered design ( top-down, -), .. - () , hardware-centered ( bottom-up, -), ( ). (NASA), , , , () .
2.1 SCADA-:
SCADA - () , . () () (). SCADA-.
SCADA . SCADA- 3 (.7).
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.7. SCADA-.
Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) , () . , , , . . .
Master Terminal Unit (MTU), Master Station (MS) ( ); , , ; - (HMI, MMI). MTU : , () . , MTU .
Communication System (CS) ( ), (, ) - RTU ( ).
- :
;
;
() ;
- , , , () ;
( ).
, SCADA :
( );
;
;
.
SCADA :
() ;
() ;
- ().
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; . , ( , .) SCADA- . , , ; , , , 200000 400000 . , ( ), (, .). 90- () ATMS (Advanced Traffic Management System).