( ). , . 4.4.
d, D b 25347 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 , 3.3.
, , , d, D, b, ( ).
c z = 8, d = 36 , D = 40 , b = 7 , , b :
D 8×36 ×40 ×7 .
() : D 8×36 H 11×40 H 7×7 F 8, D 8×36 b 12×40 f 7×7 f 7.
.
6:
d 6×28 ×34×7 .
10, :
b10×28×35×4 .
4.4
D | D | ; ; | ; ; |
d | H 11; d 1; | ||
b | ; ; | ; ; | |
d | D | ||
d | ; ; | ; ; | |
b | ; ; ; | ; ; | |
b | D | ||
d | H 11; d 1; | ||
b | ; ; | ; ; ; | |
: 1 (. 1139). 2 , , . |
2.409 (. 4.10). .
)
)
)
4.10 :
; D 8×36 b 12×40 f 7×7 f 7
D 8×36 H 11×40 H 7×7 F 8
5
|
|
5.1 , ,
, . , = 0,99.
) )
5.1 : (d D , );
3395 ( 5.1).
520-2002. 0,6 2000 , : 8; 7; 0; ; 6; 6 ; 5; 4; ; 2.
, .
8 7 . 6 . , , 0. 0, N, 6 X. 0 , .
0; 6, . 4- 5- ( ). 2- .
5.1 . 3395 ( )
8338 | ||||
7242 | ||||
8882 | ||||
9592 | ||||
8328 | ||||
7634 | ||||
8545 | ||||
5721 | ||||
4657 | ||||
4657 | ||||
- | α α = 12 | 831 | ||
: | ||||
α = 12 | ||||
α = 26 | ||||
α = 36 | ||||
. : | 832 | |||
α = 12 | ||||
α = 26 | ||||
α = 36 | ||||
- | 37.006.162-89 | |||
α > 20 | ||||
7000 | 27365 | |||
8419 | ||||
6364 | ||||
- | - | |||
7872 | ||||
- | ||||
- | 23526 | |||
27057 | ||||
- | 9942 | |||
23526 |
|
|
( ) ; ; .
- 5; 4; ; 2;
- 0; 6 ; 6; 5;
- 8; 7; 0; ; 6.
.
2.420-69.
5.2
3189 () .
, .
, ( ) , ( 5.2).
5.2
, . 5.3.
5.3
, , d 5. 10 17 5.2.
, 22; 28; 32; 500 , .
, 602/32 ( 6, 0, 2, 32 ).
5.2
, | ||||
, , , , 5. 9 .
|
|
() .
3478 , : 0; 8; 9;1; 7; 2; 3; 4; 5 10 , : 7; 8; 9; 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6 . 0 . ( , , ..) 00 99 (. 5.1) 3395.
, , . , 205 d = 25 , 2, 0, 00, 0. , (. . 4.1) . 0 () .
, ( , , , , ). , . , . . , .
, , 5.3,..., 5.8, 0 6 520.
5.4
5.3 8338, , (. 5.4)
d | D | r | d | D | r | |||||
2 | 3 | |||||||||
10-0,12 | 1,0 | 15-0,12 | 2,0 | |||||||
11-0,12 | 1,0 | 17-0,12 | 2,0 | |||||||
12-0,12 | 1,0 | 19-0,2 | 2,0 | |||||||
14-0,12 | 1,5 | 21-0,12 | 2,5 | |||||||
15-0,12 | 1,5 | 23-0,12 | 2,5 | |||||||
16-0,12 | 1,5 | 25- 0,12 | 2,5 | |||||||
17-0,12 | 2,0 | 27-0,2 | 3,0 | |||||||
18-0,12 | 2,0 | 29-0,15 | 3,0 | |||||||
19-0,12 | 2,0 | 31-0,15 | 3,5 | |||||||
20-0,12 | 35-0,15 | 3,5 | ||||||||
21-0,15 | 2,5 | 37-0,15 | 3,5 | |||||||
22-0,15 | 2,5 | 39-0,15 | 3,5 | |||||||
23-0,15 | 2,5 | 41-0,2 | 4,0 | |||||||
24-0,15 | 2,5 | 43-0,2 | 4,0 | |||||||
25-0,15 | 2,5 | 45-0,2 | 4,0 | |||||||
26-0,15 | 3,0 | 47-0,2 | 4,0 | |||||||
28-0,2 | 3,0 | 49-0,2 | 4,0 | |||||||
30-0,2 | 3,0 | 50-0,2 | 4,0 | |||||||
34-0,2 | 3,5 | 55-0,2 | 4,0 | |||||||
40-0,25 | 4,0 | 58-0,25 | 5,0 | |||||||
45-0,25 | 4,0 | 65-0,25 | 5,0 |
|
|
) )
5.5 : ;
5.4 8882, , (. 5.5)
d | D | B | r | r1 | |
5 | |||||
160504, 180504 | 18-0,12 | 1,5 | 1,5 | ||
160505, 180505 | 18-0,12 | 1,5 | 1,5 | ||
160506, 180506 | 20-0,12 | 1,5 | 1,5 | ||
160507, 180507 | 23-0,12 | 2,0 | 2,0 | ||
160508, 180508 | 23-0,12 | 2,0 | 2,0 | ||
160509, 180509 | 23-0,12 | 2,0 | 2,0 | ||
160510, 180510 | 23-0,12 | 2,0 | 2,0 | ||
160511, 180511 | 25-0,15 | 2,5 | 2,5 | ||
160512, 180512 | 28-0,15 | 2,5 | 2,5 | ||
160513, 180513 | 31-0,15 | 2,5 | 2,5 | ||
160514, 180514 | 31-0,15 | 2,5 | 2,5 | ||
6 | |||||
160606, 180606 | 27-0,12 | 2,0 | 2,0 | ||
160607, 180607 | 31-0,12 | 2,5 | 2,5 | ||
160608, 180608 | 33-0,12 | 2,5 | 2,5 | ||
160609, 180609 | 36-0,12 | 2,5 | 2,5 | ||
160610, 180610 | 40-0,12 | 3,0 | 3,0 | ||
160611, 180611 | 43-0,15 | 3,0 | 3,0 | ||
160612, 180612 | 46-0,15 | 3,5 | 3,5 | ||
160613, 180613 | 48-0,15 | 3,5 | 3,5 | ||
160614, 180614 | 51-0,15 | 3,5 | 3,5 |
) )
5.6 : ;
5.5 7242, , (. 5.6)
d | D | B | r1 | ||
1 | |||||
12-0,12 | 1,0 | ||||
12-0,12 | 1,0 | ||||
13-0,12 | 1,5 | ||||
14-0,12 | 1,5 | ||||
15-0,12 | 1,5 | ||||
2 | |||||
15-0,12 | 1,5 | ||||
16-0,12 | 1,5 | ||||
17-0,12 | 2,0 | ||||
18-0,12 | 2,0 | ||||
19-0,12 | 2,0 | ||||
20-0,12 | 2,0 | ||||
3 | |||||
17-0,12 | 2,0 | ||||
19-0,12 | 2,0 | ||||
21-0,12 | 2,5 | ||||
23-0,12 | 2,5 | ||||
25-0,12 | 2,5 | ||||
27-0,12 | 3,0 |
5.7
5.6 8328, , (. 5.7)
d | D | B | r | r1 | |
4 | |||||
27-0,12 | 3,0 | 3,0 | |||
29-0,12 | 3,0 | 3,0 | |||
31-0,12 | 3,5 | 3,5 | |||
33-0,15 | 3,5 | 3,5 | |||
35-0,15 | 3,5 | 3,5 | |||
37-0,15 | 3,5 | 3,5 | |||
42-0,15 | 4,0 | 4,0 | |||
45-0,15 | 4,0 | 4,0 | |||
6, 0 | |||||
27-0,12 | 2,0 | 2,0 | |||
31-0,12 | 2,5 | 2,0 | |||
33-0,12 | 2,5 | 2,5 | |||
36-0,12 | 2,5 | 2,5 | |||
40-0,12 | 3,0 | 3,0 | |||
43-0,15 | 3,0 | 3,0 | |||
46-0,15 | 3,5 | 3,5 | |||
51-0,15 | 3,5 | 3,5 | |||
58-0,2 | 3,5 | 3,5 | |||
64-0,2 | 4,0 | 4,0 | |||
73-0,2 | 4,0 | 4,0 | |||
80-0,2 | 4,0 | 4,0 | |||
86-0,25 | 4,0 | 4,0 | |||
93-0,25 | 5,0 | 5,0 | |||
102-0,25 | 5,0 | 5,0 | |||
108-0,25 | 5,0 | 5,0 |
|
|
5.8 - : 36000, α = 12; 46000, α = 26; 66000, α = 36; ; α ,
5.7 - 831, , (. 5.8)
d | D | B=T | r | r1 | |
2 | |||||
36205,46205 | 15-0,25 | 1,5 | 0,5 | ||
36206,46206 | 16-0,25 | 1,5 | 0,5 | ||
36207,46207 | 17-0,25 | 2,0 | 1,0 | ||
36208,46208 | 18-0,25 | 2,0 | 1,0 | ||
36209,46209 | 19-0,25 | 2,0 | 1,0 | ||
36210,46210 | 20-0,25 | 2,0 | 1,0 | ||
36212,46212 | 22-0,3 | 2,5 | 1,2 | ||
36214,46214 | 24-0,3 | 2,5 | 1,2 | ||
36215,46215 | 25-0,3 | 2,5 | 1,2 | ||
36216,46216 | 26-0,3 | 3,0 | 1,5 | ||
3 | |||||
46305,66305 | 17-0,35 | 2,0 | 1,0 | ||
46306,66306 | 19-0,35 | 2,0 | 1,0 | ||
46308,66308 | 23-0,35 | 2,5 | 1,2 | ||
46310,66310 | 27-0,35 | 3,0 | 1,5 | ||
46311,66311 | 29-0,45 | 3,0 | 1,5 | ||
46312,66312 | 31-0,45 | 3,5 | 2,0 | ||
46314,66314 | 35-0,45 | 3,5 | 2,0 | ||
46315,66315 | 37-0,45 | 3,5 | 2,0 | ||
46316,66316 | 39-0,45 | 3,5 | 2,0 | ||
4 | |||||
27-0,35 | 3,0 | 1,5 | |||
29-0,35 | 3,0 | 1,5 | |||
31-0,35 | 3,5 | ||||
33-0,5 | 3,5 | 2,0 | |||
35-0,5 | 3,5 | 2,0 | |||
37-0,5 | 3,5 | 2,0 | |||
42-0,5 | 4,0 | 2,0 |
5.9 : β , 0 6
5.8 27365, , (. 5.9)
d | D | B | T | Δ Ts | C | r | r1 | |
2 | ||||||||
7206 | 16-0,2 | 17,25 | 0,25 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |||
7207 | 17-0,24 | 18,25 | 1,5 | 1,5 | ||||
7208 | 18-0,24 | 19,75 | 1,5 | 1,5 | ||||
7209 | 19-0,242 | 20,75 | 1,5 | 1,5 | ||||
7210 | 20-0,24 | 21,75 | 1,5 | 1,5 | ||||
7211 | 21-0,3 | 22,75 | 1,5 | 1,5 | ||||
7212 | 22-0,3 | 23,75 | 2,0 | 1,5 | ||||
7213 | 23-0,3 | 24,75 | 2,0 | 1,5 | ||||
7214 | 24-0,3 | 26,25 | 2,0 | 1,5 | ||||
7215 | 25-0,3 | 27,25 | 2,0 | 1,5 | ||||
7216 | 26-0,3 | 28,25 | 2,5 | 2,0 | ||||
7217 | 28-0,4 | 30,5 | 0,5 | 2,5 | 2,0 | |||
7218 | 30-0,4 | 32,5 | 2,5 | 2,0 | ||||
7219 | 32-0,4 | 34,5 | 3,0 | 2,5 | ||||
7220 | 34-0,4 | 37,0 | 3,0 | 2,5 | ||||
7221 | 36-0,4 | 39,5 | 3,0 | 2,5 | ||||
7222 | 38-0,4 | 41,0 | 3,0 | 2,5 | ||||
3 | ||||||||
7304 | 16,25 | 0,25 | 1,5 | 1,5 | ||||
7305 | 18,25 | 1,5 | 1,5 | |||||
7306 | 20,75 | 1,5 | 1,5 | |||||
7307 | 22,75 | 2,0 | 1,5 | |||||
7308 | 25,25 | 2,0 | 1,5 | |||||
7309 | 27,25 | 2,0 | 1,5 | |||||
7310 | 29,25 | 2,5 | 2,0 | |||||
7311 | 31,5 | 2,5 | 2,0 | |||||
7312 | 33,5 | 3,5 | 1,2 | |||||
7314 | 38,0 | 3,5 | 1,2 | |||||
7315 | 40,0 | 3,5 | 1,2 | |||||
7316 | 42,5 | 4,0 | 1,5 | |||||
7318 | 46,5 | 0,5 | 4,0 | 1,5 | ||||
7320 | 51,5 | 4,0 | 1,5 | |||||
7322 | 54,5 | 4,0 | 1,5 | |||||
7324 | 59,5 | 4,0 | 1,5 | |||||
5 | ||||||||
7506 | 21,25 | 0,25 | 1,0 | 1,0 | ||||
7507 | 24,25 | 2,0 | 1,5 | |||||
7508 | 24,75 | 2,0 | 1,5 | |||||
7509 | 24,75 | 2,0 | 1,5 | |||||
7510 | 24,75 | 2,0 | 1,5 | |||||
7511 | 26,75 | 2,0 | 1,5 | |||||
7512 | 29,75 | 2,0 | 1,5 | |||||
7514 | 33,5 | 2,0 | 1,5 | |||||
7516 | 35,25 | 2,5 | 2,0 | |||||
7518 | 42,5 | 0,5 | 2,5 | 2,0 | ||||
7520 | 49,0 | 3,0 | 2,5 | |||||
7522 | 56,0 | 3,0 | 2,5 | |||||
7524 | 61,5 | 3,0 | 2,5 | |||||
7526 | 67,75 | 0,75 | 3,0 | 2,5 | ||||
7528 | 71,75 | 3,0 | 2,5 | |||||
7530 | 77,0 | 3,0 | 2,5 |
5.3
, . . .
(∆d ∆Dmp) 520 dmp Dmp , :
∆dmp = dmp d ∆Dmp = Dmp D.
(dmp; Dmp) (dsmax; Dsmax) (dsmin; Dsmin) () ( ):
d mp = (ds max + ds min)/2;
D mp = (Ds max + Ds min)/2.
.
(. 5.9.), ( ) 25346.
: l ; L . , L 6; l6 6- .
0 5 6 , 2 2 3 .
0,5 0 6 , 0,25 5; 4; 2; .
(Ra = 0,2...0,4), (Ra = 0,1...0,025).
.
5.4
() 3325. , , 5.10. , l, 5.10, . , (. 5.10, ).
, , , , ( ) : , ( ), , .
: , . , , .
( ), .
( ). , .
. (js; Js), . : . , , , , , ..
- , :
P = R /(B (r r 1)) K 1 K 2 K 3,
, H/; /;
R , ; ();
(r r1) - , ;
r r1 , ;
K1 , ( K1 = 1 150 %, ; K1 = 1,8 300 %, );
K2 , ( ); K2 = 1 ( 5.10);
K3 ( 5.11). K3 = 1.
5.12, 5.13.
5.9 520
- | ||||||||
N | 6 X | |||||||
d, | ||||||||
Ld = ∆d, (L 0; L 6; L 5; L 4; LN; L 6 X) | ||||||||
1018 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 12 | 12 | 7 | 5 |
18 30 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 12 | 12 | 8 | 6 |
30 50 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 8 |
50 80 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 9 |
80 120 | 20 | 15 | 10 | 8 | 20 | 20 | 15 | 10 |
120 180 | 25 | 18 | 13 | 10 | 25 | 25 | 18 | 13 |
180 250 | 30 | 22 | 15 | 12 | 30 | 30 | 22 | 15 |
D, | ||||||||
lD = ∆D, (l 0; l 6; l 5; l 4; lN; l 6 X) | ||||||||
1830 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 12 | 12 | 8 | 6 |
30 50 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 14 | 14 | 9 | 7 |
50 80 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 16 | 16 | 11 | 9 |
80 120 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 18 | 18 | 13 | 10 |
120 150 | 18 | 15 | 11 | 9 | 20 | 20 | 15 | 11 |
150 180 | 25 | 18 | 13 | 10 | 25 | 25 | 18 | 13 |
180 250 | 30 | 20 | 15 | 11 | 30 | 30 | 20 | 15 |
250 315 | 35 | 25 | 18 | 13 | 35 | 35 | 25 | 18 |
315 400 | 40 | 28 | 20 | 15 | 40 | 40 | 28 | 20 |
: . |
)
)
5.10 : ; ; I ; II ; III ; ld (l 0; l 6; l 5; l 4; l 2; lT); Ld (L 0; L 6; L 5; L 4; L 2; LT)
5.10 2
d / d D / D | D / d ≤ 1,5 | D / d = 1,52 | D / d > 2 | |
0 0,4 | ||||
0,4 0,7 | 1,2 | 1,4 | 1,6 | 1,1 |
0,7 0,8 | 1,5 | 1,7 | 1,4 | |
0,8 | 2,3 | 1,6 | ||
: D, d ; d ; D . |
5.11 3
(A / R) ctg β | 3 |
0,2 | |
0,2 0,4 | 1,2 |
0,4 0,6 | 1,4 |
0,6 1 | 1,6 |
1 | |
: ; R , β . |
5.12 -
, H/ | ||||
d, | ||||
js 6; js 5 | k 6; k 5 | m 6; m 5 | n 6; n 5 | |
.18 80 | 300 | .300 1400 | .14001600 | .16003000 |
80 180 | 600 | 600 2000 | 2000 2500 | 2500 4000 |
180 360 | 700 | 700 3000 | 3000 3500 | 3500 6000 |
360 630 | 900 | 900 3500 | 3500 4500 | 4500 8000 |
D, | ||||
K 7; K 6 | M 7; M 6 | N 7; N 6 | P 7 | |
.50 180 | 800 | .800 1000 | .10001300 | .13002500 |
180 360 | 1000 | 1000 1500 | 1500 2000 | 2000 3300 |
360 630 | 1200 | 1200 2000 | 2000 2600 | 2600 4000 |
630 1600 | 1600 | 1600 2500 | 2500 3500 | 3500 5500 |
5.13
, | |||||||
, 150 % | h 5; h 6; g 5; g 6; f 6; js 6 | H 6; H 7 | H 6; H 7; H 8 | , | |||
G 6; G 7 | |||||||
f 6; f 7; js 6 | |||||||
F 7; F 8; E 8 | |||||||
, 300 % | h 5; h 6 | Js 6; Js 7 | Js 6; Js 7 | , , | |||
g 5; g 6 | H 6; H 7; K 7 | ||||||
0; N; 6; 6 X | IT 6; IT 5 | IT 7; IT 6 | |||||
5; 4; 2; T | IT 6 IT 4 | IT 6; IT 5 | |||||
: , , . | |||||||
5.5 ,
, .
. ( 5.11). ( )