6.1. 1 - ( , 1 30 ). . 1 ( Ra) . 283. ( , ) . . , , , Ra. . 283 Ra 0,02 10 , 6 20 18 130 [3, . 184-187; 5, . 199-203].
6.2. 2 - ( , 2 120 ). 2 - ( ) . 252. . Rz 0,02 250 [3, . 184-187; 5, . 199-203].
4.
, [6, .7-8; 7].
[7, .14, 31, 3]:
- [7, . 4];
- () [7, . 4 2];
- d×D - 15×32 ;
- , , - 2500 .
[8, .121] [9, .143] (d=15 D=32 ) (), (r) .
7000102: d = 15 ; D = 32 ; = 8 ; r = 0,5 .
1. .
[7, .13, .4, .2] . , . , . . , . , .
( ) . , [10, . 343, . 4.88].
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2. , ( ), [10, .344].
PR , ;
Fr ( , , .. 2500 2,5 ), ;
b (b = - 2r), ;
k1 , ( 150 %, k1 = 1; 300 %, k1 = 1,8). k1 = 1;
k2 , ( k2 =1);
k3 . k3 =1.
/.
[10, .348, . 4.90.1] ø15k6 ( d 18 , . 18 80 PR - (300-1400) /).
.
0.
[10, .345, . 4.89.1] → ( [10, . 358-359, . 4.92]).
ø327 ( [10, .347, . 4.89.2]).
[10, . 345, . 4.89.1] → .
3. .
3.1. - .
3.2. - .
4. .
4.1. .
4.2. .
, [2; 10, .384 . 4.95] .
4.3. .
4.4. ( 30% 4.1).
d156 = es ei = 0.012 0,001 = 0,011 ,
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= 0,3d156 = 0,30,011 = 0,0033 ,
d156 ;
.
4.5. ( 60% 4.1).
= = 0,6 d156 = 0,60,011 = 0,0066 .
4.6. ( 4.1)
↑ = = = 0,0066 .
4.7. = 0,003 , = = ↑ = 0,006 ( 4.1).
4.8. ( 30% 4.2).
TD32H7 = ES EI = 0,025 0 = 0,025 ,
= 0,3TD32H7 = 0,30,025 = 0,0075 ,
TD32H7 .
4.9. .
, 30, 20 12% , .
↑ = = 0,0075 .
4.10. = 0,007 , ↑ = 0,007 ( 4.2).
5.
, [6, . 9; 7].
[7, .17, 45, 4]:
- [7, . 5];
- () [7, . 5 15];
- ( ) 12 ;
- ( ) ;
- .
[10, . 271, . 4.64] :
(b) 12 ;
(h) - 8 ;
, 128 , - . 38 44 ( d = 40 );
(t1) 5 ;
(t2) 3,3 ;
(d - t1) 35 ( (-0,2) [9, . 719, . 3]);
(d + t2) 43,3 ( (+0,2) [9, . 719, . 3]);
(l) 40 .
1. .
[7, . 16, .5]. . , [10, . 273, . 4.65], .
2. , .
2.1. 12 [10, . 273, . 4.65].
2.2. 12 [10, . 273, . 4.65].
2.3. 12 [10, . 273, . 4.65].
. 12 . 10 18 , [2, . 54, . 1.8] IT9, , .. ES= + IT9/2, EI= - IT9/2.
2.4. .
3. ( ) , , , , , .
4. .
4.1. - (b) , [10, . 288].
4.2. ( t1) , [10, . 289].
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6.
, [6, . 9-11; 7].
[7, .14, 31, 5]:
- [7, . 4];
- () [7, . 4 11];
- z×d×D 1139-80 - 8×42×46 ;
- : ; .
[10, . 290, . 4.71] , .
8×42×46 , b = 8 .
1. .
[7, .13, .4, .11] . , [10, .292], (b). [10, . 293].
2. .
b ( ) - [10, . 294, . 4.74].
D ( ) - [10, . 293].
d ( ) - [10, . 295, . 4.75].
3. .
3.1. (b).
S = ES ei = 0,035 (-0,0075) = 0,0425 .
S = EI es = 0,013 0,0075 = 0,0055 .
3.2. (D).
S = ES ei = 0,25 (-0,48) = 0,73 .
S = EI es = 0- (-0,32) = 0,32 .
3.3. (d).
S = ES ei = 0,16 (-0,48) = 0,64 .
S = EI es = 0- (-0,32) = 0,32 .
4. 1139-80.
5.
. . , - , [5, . 339; 10, . 296].
-
6. (. ).
TD8F8 = ES EI = 0,035 0,013 = 0,022 .
Td8js7 = es ei = 0,0075 (-0,0075) = 0,015 .
60% .
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8 F 8 8 js 7
÷8F8 = 0,6TD8F8 = 0,60,022 ≈ 0,013 ,
÷8js7 = 0,6Td8js7 = 0,60,015 = 0,009 .
7.
, [6, .13-16; 7].
[7, .15, 31, 8]:
- [7, . 4];
- () [7, . 4 6],
Z6 = 16;
- () [7, . 4 7],
Z7 = 96;
- m = 2 ;
- β = 0º;
- t1 = 35º C;
- t2 = 20º C;
- V = 15 /.
1. , .
, [6, .13-14] [10, . 425, . 5.12], ( V 15 / ). , .. , .
2. , .
2.1. , [10, . 425, . 5.12], V 15 / 6 (, .. , ).
2.2. [10, . 427, . 5.12, - **] . 7.
2.3. ,
,
Bw , ;
β , .;
m (), .
:
[7, .4] , .1 ( [7, .14, 31, 1] ), 20 ;
11 ;
20/11;
.6 11 ;
Bw=(20/11)11 = 20 .
.
, [10, . 411, .5.6], εβ < 1,25 m > 1 3-12. εβ ≤ 1,25 ( [6, . 14]) 7.
2.4. ( , ) .
2.4.1. 6 [10, . 410, .5.5] fir ( ). [10, . 415-417, .5.9] fi.
fi .
d = m∙Z7 = 2∙96 = 192 .
6 m≥1 d=192 20 (fi = 20 , .. 20 ).
2.4.2. 7 [10, . 409, .5.4] Fpr ( ). [10, . 413-414, .5.8] Fp.
7 m≥1 d=192 63 (Fp = 63 , .. 63 ).
2.4.3. 7 [10, . 411, .5.6] Fβr ( ). [10, . 418-419, . 5.10] Fβ.
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7 m≥1 Bw=20 11 (Fβ= 11 , .. , , , 11 ).
3. .
, , [5, . 317]
jn min= V + a w(α1Δt1º - α2Δt2º)2sinα,
V , ;
a w , ;
α1 , º-1 ( α1=11,510-6 º-1);
α2 - , º-1 ( α2=10,510-6 º-1);
Δt1º - 20 º;
Δt2º - 20 º;
α , . (α = 20º).
V = (0,01-0,03)m,
0,01 ;
0,03 .
0,03, .
V = 0,032 = 0,06 .