18.1.
............................................................................ 437
18.2.
................................................................. 446
................................................................................................454
1. . .................................................. 454
2. ...................................................... 457
3. ................. 481
4. ........................ 487
1. ............................................................. 487
2. ............................................................................................. 490
3. ............................................................................................. 524
4. (). 531
5. ....... 539
6. .............................. 552
7. .................... 592
8. - ............................................................. 599
9. 617
10.
...................................................... 630
11. ............................................... 651
...................................................................................................
669
, , . - , , , , . , , , .
, , , , , . . (1950), . (1960), . (1975), . (1979), . (2000), , : . . (1958), . . (1973), . . (1987), . . (1962,1975, 1981,1987), . . (1997). .
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, , , ( ) (, 2000, ), ( , , , , , , ). , . , , . , , , , (, 1894; , 1990; , 1987; , 1980; , 1982; , 1975; , 1979, .). , . , . . - (1983) : ... (. - . .) , , , . , , . -, "" , "" . , , (. 107).
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" , , , . 1928 : - . . , . , . , , , . , ... ( , 1984, . 93). , , , ( ) - , .
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, , . , XIX : " " , , , , , -, . , . , . (1991, . 274). . , . , , , , , (. 273).
. . , , , - "" "". , , () . , , , ... "" . , , , , , , , -
11
, , , , , , . , , , (1996, . 255).
. (Watson, 1930) , , . (Duffy, 1934, 1941) , , , , .
. . (Meyer, 1933) , , . . - . , , . , . ?, , . , . , . (1975) . , , . . (. Rime, 1984) , , . Human physiology (1983) , . , ( , 1999). .
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. . (1971) , , , , , , . . . (1975) : ... , , , , , , (. 7). . . (1998): , - , , . "", "", "" , (. 173). , , , . , (, 1992). , , , - ( . . . . , 1998
12
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- . , . . . , , , , , , , , , : ( - ), (, .), (, ). , - , , , : , ), , , (), .
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