, .. . . ( ), . () , .
Hl HF , Si (, ), Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, Au, Fe, Co, Ni, As, Sb, Bi, Sn, W, Mo, U, Mn, N, K, Ca, Mg, Ba. : , , .
: , , - - . .
- (.. , 1989)
-- | - | ||
- | |||
- | I. | V. | IX. |
- | II. | VI. | X. |
- - | III. | VII. | XI. ( ) |
- | IV. - | VIII. - | XII. - - ( ) |
(I IV ) pH 0,5 3,5, Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, Pb ( , .). O2, H2S, Eh 1 HF, HCl.
(V VIII ) , , . V VI pH 2,0 3,5 Fe, Mn, Sr, Ba, Pb, Zn, Cu . VII - , As, B, Li, Rb, Sb, Hg . VIII -- SiO2, Ge, Be, F, W Mo. Eh ( 0,08 0,1 ).
(IX XII ) H2S, HS, S2, CO2 CH4. -- .
( , ).
, ( ). , . , (crust ) . . . , , , , () .
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(, 300 400), - (, 150 350), (, 200).
, , .
, (). (. 15). . : , , , , , , , , , .
- Ag, Co, Ni, Bi, U; (Zn, Cu, Ag). . - - .
, , (). . , , .
, . , . , , .
(, ) :
, , ;
, , , , , ;
, , , .
. , .
() (SO2, HF, HCl) , . , , , , , , .
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("" ) . , Ca Mg.
" " (, , -, ) HS, H2S. , . Mg, Ca, Na, . , W, Mo, Cu, , , , .
(, , ) . . , , , , , , , , , , . .
:
4[NaAlSi3O8 CaAl2Si2O8] + 5(Mg, Fe)SiO3 + 5H2O →
→ 2Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) + (Mg, Fe)5Al2Si3O10(OH)8 + 4NaAlSi3O8 + 4SiO2
, .
. , , , - , , . , . CO2 Al2Si4O10(OH)2. .
. , , .
. .
, Mg2+ SO42:
2CaCO3 + Mg(SO4)+ 2H2O → CaMg(CO3)2 + CaSO4 ∙ 2H2O
Fe2+ Mn2+ FeCO3 MnCO3. . , , - . CaCO3.
. , Mg2SiO4, MgAl2O4, .
.
.
, .
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.
SO3 . KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 SiO2.
, , . . 70% Mo, W, 100% 50% .
() . (" ") . , , (.. ).
.. - , .
1. - ,
- | Fe, B, |
- | Fe,Cu, Co, V, Mn |
Ta, Nb, TR, U, Th, Ti, Be, Li, Zr, Hf | |
- | Mo, W, Sn, Cu |
W, Mo, Sn, Be, Li, Bi | |
- (-) | Sn, Cu, W, Bi, Au, As |
Au, Ag, Cu, As, Pb, Zn | |
- | Cu, Zn, Pb, Au, Ag |
- | Cu, Mo, Zn, Pb |
Pb, Zn, Au, Ag, U, Mo, Bi, Sn, W, Be, Co, As, Sb, Hg | |
Hg, Sb, Sn, Au, Ag, As, U, Mo, Zr, Pb, Zn, Cu |
2. - , :
Cr, | |
Ni,Cu, Pt, | |
- | Ni,Cu, Au, , |
- | Cu, Ni, Co, Pt |
Hg, Au, Cu, Zn, Pb |
3. - , :
Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, TR, Th, U | |
(-) | Fe, Ti, P, Zr, Ta, Nb, Cu |
Nb, Ta, Zr, TR | |
- |
. ( ). .. . .
, . , .
, () .. . .
- . , 95% Cu (CuFeS2), Re, Zn, Se, Te, Ge, Au, Ni, Co, Ag, Cd, Tl, As, Sb, Pt, Pd, Rh . - - . .
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Au, Ag, Bi, Te, Sn, Sb, As, - . .. Al, Zn, Cr, Cd, In, Co, .
. , .. , : , , , , .