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FAQ

( Parenthesis )

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To summarize To be sure ,
To be exact To begin with , ; ,
To be quite frank To judge from ; ; ;
That is to say To make things worse
To mention , , Needless to say
To name - To say the least -
To put it more exactly To sum up ; ,
To quote To tell the truth (to speak the truth)
To put it mildly To anticipate , ,
To say nothing of To cut a long story short -
So to say To take an example , .

Model:

To mention our recent achievements, some progress has been made in , , ..

Exercise 1. Translate into Russian and learn the underlined expressions.

1. Early in the morning to be exact at a quarter to ten Hill arrived at the station. 2. To tell the truth, I lost faith in him. 3. To be honest, she couldnt, remember much of you. 4. To cut it/a long story/ short, the experiment has failed. 5. To begin with, well do some sketching here and then look for a sunnier place. 6. To be_quite_frank, Im against your plan. 7. To put it mildly, he hasnt enough experience in this field.8. Strange to say, the novel was a success. 9. Needless to say, Ernest kept his word.

Exercise 2.Translate the phrases in brackets.

1. This occurred 7 years ago, a week before her birthday ( ). 2. ( , ), I remember how my father took me to the pond on Sunday though I was only five then. 3. ( ), that murder case excited everybodys interest in our small town. 4. ( , ), I know who you are and why you've come here. 5. ( ), I have no doubts about it. 6. ( ), I accept your offer. 7. ( ), he is a strange fellow. 8. ( ), we have much faith in you. 9. ( ), the structure of polypeptide chains is governed by two seemingly contradictory features. 10. ( , ), stimulation was applied on both sides simultaneously. 11. ( ), vegetation always strives, so to speak, to resume its progress towards the climax. 12. ( ), the NH2 groups should be bound to the carbon as individual groups.

(REVIEW EXERCISES)

Exercise 1. Translate into Russian.

1. Many important problems are to be solved in the nearest future. 2. He was glad to have fulfilled his work ahead of time 3. It is important to know the conditions necessary for the best development of this plant. 4. One of the most important tasks facing our agriculture is to improve the fertility of the soil. 5. Take care not to increase the temperature more than 100 during the experiment. 6. Most plants are able to manufacture proteins out of certain complex nitrogen compounds. 7. Studying the structure and behaviour of nucleic acids, scientists are getting to know how nature creates living organisms. 8. Attempts were also made to associate growth rhythms in these plants with fluctuations in the chemical composition of the air. 9. The chemist is usually inclined to regard the appearance of this product as signifying that the reaction is over. 10. To absorb plant nutrients from the soil the plant must have roots. 11. Which method to use depends on many factors. 12. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of environmental conditions on enzyme composition. 13. Some bacteria increase soil fertility and bacterial fertilizers are now used to increase yields. 14.The diseases to be feared are those which are epidemic in character. 15. The scientists have many problems to investigate. 16. The first question to be considered is the nature of the genetic map: its construction and meaning. 17. The enzymes to be studied have been grouped into three classes. 18. Lomonosov was the first scientist to find heat, light, and electricity to be different forms of motion. 19. Asparagine, the 1st natural aminoacid to be discovered, was also one of the aminoacids found to possess activity. 20. The same principles govern the structure of membranes and other cell structures to be discussed later. 21. The major problem to be considered in this discussion is the mechanism by which this absorption takes place. 22. The question then to be settled is how many molecules enter into reaction. 23. Investigations and observations of various organisms have demonstrated that the first to be damaged by hereditary variations (mutations) and external effects are the latest acquired properties.

Exercise 2. Translate into English.

1. . 2. . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , . 6. . 7. , . 8. , . 9. , . 10. , . 11. , . 12. . . 13. , . 14. , . 15. , ? 16. , . 17. , . 18. , . 19. , , . 20. , . 21. , . 22. , . 23. , . 24. . 22. , . 25. . 26. .

 

(INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS)

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