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:




:

































 

 

 

 


-

 

, , c ARIMA, ARMA I (Intergrated - ). d, : ARIMA (p, d, q). - , . ARIMA (p, d, q) - . ARIMA (p, d, q) : p - AR (p); d - ; q - MA (q).

. , ARMA , (B) = 0 , , (. 2.3). : (B) = 0 .

(3.2)

(2.25) j() - p + d, , d j() = 0 , ; q() - (2.16), .. q ( ).

(3.2) 堠

- (.. ).

Δ Xt = Xt - Xt - 1 = (1 B) Xt, j() ꠠ (3.2)

(3.3)

(3.4)

(3.5)

, d - t, (3.5), (3.4), ARMA (p, q).

, ARIMA (p, d, q), (3.3), d - ( ) { w t}, (3.4) ARMA (p, q). (3.3) , { Xt } , , d = 0. ARIMA (p, d, q) ARMA (p, q). ARIMA (p, d, q) ( d =0), ( d ³ 1) . d 0, 1 2.

, d ³ 1 (d 1) { Xt }, (3.3). ARIMA (p, d, q) .

ARIMA (p, d, q).

1. ARIMA (0, 1,0): Xt = Xt 1 + at, (3.1), .

2. ARIMA (0, 2,0):

Xt = 2 Xt 1 - Xt 2 + at. (3.6)

X 0 = 0, at ~ N (0,1) .3.5. ARIMA (0, 2,0) .3.6.

 

.3.5 ARIMA (0, 2,0)

 

) )

 

.3.6. () () ARIMA (0, 2,0)

 

3. ARIMA (1, 1,0): (3.3) (1 - (1 ) Xt = at,

Xt = (1 + ) Xt 1 + Xt 2 + at. (3.7)

X 0 = 0; = 0,5; at ~ N (0,1) .3.7. .3.8.

 

.3.7. ARIMA (1, 1,0)

 

) )

.3.8. ARIMA (1, 1,0)

 

4. ARIMA (0, 1,1): (3.3) (1 B) Xt = (1 θ B) at,

Xt = Xt 1 + at + θ at 1. (3.8)

X 0 = 0; θ =0,1 .3.9.

.3.9. ARIMA (0, 1,1)

 

.3.10.

) )

.3.10. () () ARIMA (0, 1,1)

 

5. ARIMA (1, 1,1): (3.3) (1 - (1 ) Xt = (1 θ B) at,

Xt = (1 + ) Xt 1 - Xt 2 + at + θ at 1. (3.9)

.3.11 (3.9) X 0 = 0; =0,5; θ =0,5.

.3.11. ARIMA (1, 1,1)

 

.3.12.

) )

 

.3.12. () () ARIMA (1, 1,1)

 

, ARIMA (p, d, q), d. d - , . , , , . , . - .

: , . , , .

, , . , , , . , , , .

, , . , : .

ARIMA , d = 0, , .. q.

, , .

. . , , . , , .

, , 2. k, d = k.

, , , . , , , , , , d, .

 



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