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WHO and Cooperation in medicine

Medical Education in Russia

There is a great number of the medical of schools in Russian.

Applicants have to pass four entrance exams: biology, chemistry, russia, math.

Medical education takes six years in Russia. The first two years are preclinical. Students study anatomy, physiology, physics, histology and also philosophy.

Students have practive and study how to take patients blood, pressure and temperature and to give injections.

The third year is a transitional year between the preclinical and clinical studies. Students learn pathology, general surgery and general medicine.

The fourth and the fifth years are clinical. Students have tutorials in the morning, then see patients and have lectures in the afternoons.

In the sixth year students work on chosen specialization almost as real doctors under the supervision of specialists, this is the of internship.

The next year is internship. After internship they receive a certificate of specialization.

Medical Education in Great Britain.

Two kinds of medical establishments train doctors in great Britain: medical faculyies of the university and higher schools.
To enter medical higher school applicants take 5 entrance exams: in English, in Foreign language, in Math, Chemistry.
The course of study lasts for 8 years.
Each school has its own curriculum which includes compulsory and non-compulsory subjects.

Compulsory subjects are Biology, Anatomy, Physiology and others.
Non-compulsory subjects are Biophysics, Physics and so on.
A 5-year curriculum consists of four periods: premedical, preclinical, introductory clinical and clinical.
The premedical period (the first year) deals with Chemistry, Physics, Biology.
Students have lectures and practical hours.
During premedical are preclinical periods students study compulsory and non-compulsory subjects.
They learn the methods of clinical examination of the patient, history taking, nursing, clinical service.
The clinical period of training lasts from the third till the fifth year.
The next year is internship.
They must work as interns at a clinical.
In addition to that every doctor must have a 3-year specialization and take several find exams.
Education in Great Britain is not free of charge, 50% of students get grants.
It depend on their success in studies and their family status.
Saratov State Medical University

Saratov State Medical University was founded in 1909.

It was organized as the only faculty of the University. The founder and the first Rector was Professor Razumovsky, an outstanding surgeon.

In 1909 Several Departments in the basic sciences were opened. They were Physiology, Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and General Surgery. In 1911 a new group of Departments started to function- Pathological Anatomy, Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, Histology.

Many outstanding Russian scientists worked at the Medical Faculty- professor Bogomoletz, prof. Spasokukotsky, prof. Mirotvorsev.

In 1930 the Medical faculty of Saratov University became an independent Medical Institute. Three faculties were organized- Medical, Sanitary- Prophylactic and Care of the Mother and Child.

In 1939 one more faculty was founded- the faculty of training military physicians.

In 1961 one more faculty started its work. In was the Faculty of post diploma continuing education.

In 1993 the Institute was again renamed and got its original name of the University.

Now Saratov State Medical University has the following faculties: Medical, Pediatric, Dental, Medico-Prophylactic, Pharmaceutical, and Faculty of clinical psychology.

WHO and Cooperation in medicine

World Health Organization is International cooperation in the field of medicine. Includes many countries and organization.

Russian is one of such countries.
There are different kinds of contacts between countries such as: exchange of information and specialists meetings, joint exptime and clinical trials.
There are different types of cooperation, unilateral, multilateral.
Unilateral cooperation is a type of cooperation when one country helps some other country of the third wored. For example Russian doctors work in hospitals and universities in African countries.
Bilateral cooperation is cooperation between many countries, for example, Russian and European cooperation who was organized on 7th of April 1948.
Its heard quarters are located in Geneva who deals with:
-health education;
-immunization;
-provision of necessary drugs and vaccine;
-controlling and eradicating epidemics;
-protecting mother and child.

History of Medicine

Medicine is among the most ancient of human occupations.
There are 3 main stages in medicine development: Medicine of Ancient civilizations, Medicine of Middle ages and Modern Medicine. In Ancient time medical actions were mostly a part of ceremonial rituals, practiced magic. New civilizations discovered new achievements in the study of human anatomy, set fractures; practicing aromatherapy, acupuncture.
The achievements of medicine in the middle ages: open hospitals and universities; the progress of medical science; the invention of the stethoscope, anesthesia, vaccination.
Advances in modern medicine are: to further the progress of medical science; the use of antiseptics, antibaiotics, inculin, vitamins; discovery of blood groups and others.

 

 

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The development of surgery began in the 19th century.
The founder of modern surgery was the greatest Russian scientist N.I. Pirogov.
Pirogov was born on November 13, 1810.
At the age of 14 he entered Medical faculty of Moscow University.
After that he was sent to Derpt to master surgery.
At the age of 26 he defended dissertation under the title Ligation of Arterial Vessels, and became professor of surgery.
He wrote 24 major works, the most famous of which are Topographic Anatomy, General Field Surgery, On the Section of Achilles Tendon and others.
Pirogov opened new possibilities in surgery.
The greatest Russian surgeon became the initiator of the extensive use of anesthesia to make operations painless.
At the age of 51 Pirogov opened a small hospital
He died on November 23, 1881 at the age of 71.

My working day

My name is _. I am a first-year student of SSMU. I study at the pediatric faculty.

My working day begins at 6 oclock. I get up wash, have breakfast and leave for the university. Usually I go the university by bus.

My classes begin at 8 oclock. I have 4 classes a day: 2 lectures and 2 seminars. I study anatomy, biology, chemistry, latin and other subjects. The seminars and lectures we learn a lot of interesting and useful.

After classes I go to the library, to the laboratory, to the dissecting-room, to get ready with my homework.

At home I have supper, rest, read books and watch TV. I go to bed at 11 oclock.

As it was not difficult to learn, I'm going to like everything. becoming a pediatrician is my dream since childhood.

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