Notes:
average lifespan -
average person -
Subconscious -
unconscious mind -
frustrated desires have been relegated to the unconscious mind - -
to reflect our desires-
attempt to uncover these desires -
to motivate our behavior -
another matter
among -
flexible nervous system -
Well-balanced
Consecutive ,
REM sleep -
rapid eye movement (REM) - .: ( , , )
and non-rapid eye movement (NREM sleep) -
Sleep occurs in cycles -
approximately -
per night -
deprived of dreams -
waking -
irregular breathing patterns emerge -
succession of images -
vivid or memorable - ()
to awaken ,
lucid dreaming - ()
the dreamer is self-aware - ,
a creative thought occur to the person -
Sigmund Freud - [ˈsɪgmənd frɔɪd]
Dreaming
A person sleeps away one-third his life. Dreaming alone accounts for more than 5 years of the average lifespan. Freud, one of the first to analyze dreams, called dreaming as the royal path to the subconscious. Dreams reflect our desires and motivate our behaviour. Some people claim that they do not dream at all. That's not right. Everybody dreams. It is quite another matter if upon waking one forgets one's dreams. This depends on many factors, including family traditions.
Some people dream in black and white, others in colour. Dreaming in colour is more common among emotional people, with a flexible nervous system. Well-balanced, calm people sometimes dream in colour too, but pay less attention to it. Sleep is composed of consecutive rapid and slow phases: rapid eye movement (REM sleep) and non-rapid eye movement (non-REM or NREM sleep). One dreams several times per night, but only during a rapid phase of sleep. NREM is considered to be deep sleep; it shows no prominent eye movement or muscle paralysis. Sleep occurs in cycles of NREM and REM, approximately 90 minutes each, usually four or five such cycles per night.
Dreams are so important, that if deprived of dreams, a person can experience serious psychic changes. A person can be deprived of dreaming by waking at the beginning of a rapid phase. This moment can be recorded, heart beat becomes more frequent, irregular breathing patterns emerge, eye movements become more rapid.
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A dream is a succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. The content and purpose of dreams are not fully understood.
Dreams mainly occur in the REM stage of sleepwhen brain activity is high and resembles that of being awake. Sometimes, dreams may occur during other stages of sleep. However, these dreams tend to be much less vivid or memorable.
The length of a dream can vary; they may last for a few seconds, or approximately 2030 minutes. People are more likely to remember the dream if they are awakened during the REM phase. The average person has three to five dreams per night, and some may have up to seven; however, most dreams are immediately or quicklyforgotten. Dreams tend to last longer as the night progresses. During a full eight-hour night sleep, most dreams occur in the typical two hours of REM.
In modern times, dreams have been seen as a connection to the unconscious mind. They range from normal and ordinary to surreal and bizarre. Dreams can have varying natures, such as being frightening, exciting, magical, melancholic, adventurous, or sexual. The events in dreams are generally outside the control of the dreamer, with the exception of lucid dreaming, where the dreamer is self-aware. Dreams can at times make a creative thought occur to the person or give a sense of inspiration.
People have proposed many hypotheses about the functions of dreaming. Sigmund Freud postulated that dreams are the symbolic expression of frustrated desires that have been relegated to the unconscious mind, and he used dream interpretation in the form of psychoanalysis in attempting to uncover these desires.
7. Complete the following sentences, using the information from the text:
1. Dreams reflect....
2. Dreaming in colour is more common among....
3. Sleep is composed of....
4. Dreams are very important because....
