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2011
, .., , .., , .., , .. : .-. . / .. , .. , .. , .. . .: . .. , 2011. 24 .
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:
020400 , 240700 ,
111900.62 , 260200 , 260100 , 100800 ( ), 111100 ( ).
:
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- . .. ( 6 25 2011 .)
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m n , m ( n ).
, , , D
A=(aij).
aij (i=1, , m, j=1n) .
3 2
, .
m n mn .
n- , .
n- , .
1. =.
2. , . n n n .
3. , , , , .
4. , , . .
5. , , .
:
1) - .
2) - .
6. , , . .
7. , , ( , - ).
8. , .
9. -1 ,
10. , .
1. .
2. .
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2- .
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2- =(ij) = , .
=+
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.
+ , = , =
:
+ =
: =
R ∙
=
.
∙ ,
:
: =
:
, , , α β .
1. +=+ 5. 1=
2. +(+)=(+)+Ѡ 6. α(+)= α+ α
3. += 7. (α+β)= α+ β
4. -=0 8. α(β)=(αβ),
, . (n m m k).
2- n k, :
C =a ∙b +a ∙b +.+a b +..+a ∙b
, , .
- - .
.
1. ∙ ,
=
:
=∙
: =
2. ∙ ,
=
=
:
(9 2 3) ∙ = (9∙3+2∙(-4)+3∙1; 9∙2+2∙0+3∙7; 9∙1+2∙5+3∙2;
9∙4+2∙6+3∙1=(22 29 25 51)
: =(22 29 25 51)
3. ∙ ,
:
=∙
∙ = =
: =
:
1. × = Π 4. α () = (α) = × (α)
2. × = 5. = () = ()
3. × ≠ 6. × ( + ) = + ,
n- , det A , :
1. n = 1
= (a11); det A = a11
2. n = 2
3. n = 3
.
,
:
: detA=9
5. n>3, , .
1. , .. , .
2. (), .
D = - D
3. () .
4. () , 0.
5. - () , .
6. , () (), .
=( )
aij n- (n-1) , , ij.
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a23 .
:
M23 =
: =13.
2.4.
A ij, , i j
.
a23 .
:
=-13
31=(-1) 31=5
14=(-1) 14=-11
: =-13; =5; =-11
. () .
.
1 ,
=
:
: detA=5.
, det A 0. (det A 0) .
-1 , :
,
, . -1 , .
. .
:
,
- ( , ).
1. .
det ≠ 0
2. * .
3. * *
4. * 1/detA -1.
1. .
2. .
3. .
:
=
:
detA=
, ..
detA=a ∙A +a ∙A +a ∙A =0+0+1∙ =4
A = =4, =- =0, =- =0, = =0
A = =-2, = =1, =- =0, = =-8,
=- =-2, = =4
:
=
: =
:
=1/4∙ =
∙ = ∙ =
: =
.
rangA r(A).
:
1. .
2. r()=0 , 0.
3. n- r()=n, , .
.
=
:
3- . 2- , =-15 . , (rang =2)
: r()=2
. .
.
=
:
~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~
, , (rang A=2).
: r(A)=2
1. .
2. , .
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3. .