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III. Use these words in the sentences of your own.




III. Translate into English:

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/ 2004

 


 

FAMILY PROBLEMS

Before you read

 

I. In an American marriage ceremony men and women make vows for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death us do part. But some people prefer their obligations in a legal contract to the traditional vows. Here are the conditions John Lucas and Mary Holmes, both 24, want to put into a legal contract for them to sign. Comment on each of these stems.

1. Mary will keep her own last name after we are married.

2. We shall continue our separate careers and help each other in them.

3. We shall decide together where to live.

4. We shall respect each others private property, and regard anything bought jointly after we are married as joint property.

5. We shall have separate bank account, but both contribute (depending on our income) to the payments of bills for food, rent, etc.

6. We shall both share in the management of the home (cooking, cleaning, etc).

7. We shall have equal responsibility in bringing up any children and providing them with food, clothes, shelter and education on until they are 18.

8. We wish to be able to revise this contract at any time if either of us is dissatisfied.

9. Throughout our marriage we intend to (a) talk about how it is going; (b) tell each other how we are feeling; (c) spend most of our leisure time together.

10. If we have a disagreement that we cannot resolve, we agree to go to a third person (a marriage counselor, clergyman, etc.).

 

II. Do you think it is a good idea to discuss practical details with your future wife/husband before you get married? Why/why not? Make a list of points that you would include in a marriage contract.

Reading tasks

 

I. Read the text Throwaway Marriages Threat to the American Family and answer the questions below.

At a record rate. US couples are calling it quits - and more will do so in years ahead as home life feels the stress of social change.

Divorce and remarriage what some family experts call serial marriages and others describe as throwaway marriages - have become part of the fabric of American society and are spreading fast.
Today, 21 percent of all US married couples have divorce somewhere in the background of one partner or another or both.

Divorces are becoming so common that the senior demographer of the Census Bureau's population division has estimated that among today's 30-year-old wives, 1 out of every 3 marriages has been or will be dissolved by divorce. In fact, unless something is done to curb the causes of divorce, more than 40 per cent of all marriages may end in dissolution. At present, it is estimated that 1 marriage out of 4 ends in divorce. And in 80 per cent of the cases, both partners will remarry.

The projections were that in 1975 more than a million couples would probably divorce - pushing the rate to more than 20 per 1.000 for the first time in history. Even the divorce binge right after World War II pushed the rate only to 17.9 divorces per 1,000 married women, a record that stood unchallenged for more than a quarter of a century. After the postwar period, divorces reached their lowest rate in 1958, with 8.9 divorces per 1.000 married women.

One factor in sudden rise in the divorce rate during the past few years is a lag in marriages.

This epidemic of divorce is bringing enormous economic and social change to the United States. Lawyers by the thousands across the US are finding the divorce court an ever more profitable place of business.

Such lawyers charge anywhere from $ 350 for representing both partners in an uncontested case to $ 5,000 or more for each partner in a contested case. Years may be needed to pay off the resulting debt.

When a divorce is granted, the former partners become two households. And, according to one estimate, the two can look forward to a 25 percent reduction in the standard of living they maintained as a couple. For the man, divorce can mean months, even years of alimony and child-support payments - though most men eventually fall behind in these payments. For the woman, divorce may mean finding a job for a pay which often averages only three fifths of that of a man.

More than 10 million children are now living with only one parent and 2 out of 3 of these are the product of divorce or separation.

Broken homes, where diminished parental guidance and discipline are a strong possibility, are often cited as a factor in the nations rising juvenile delinquency, which climbed by 144 per cent from 1960 to 1973 as measured by arrests.

Family counselors acknowledge, however, that divorce is only one fact of contributing to juvenile delinquency and that and that most delinquents come from homes with both parents still living together.

Even sharper questions are being raised about the impact of raising divorce rates on the family as a basic institution of society. Traditional minded Americans view the divorce phenomenon as bleakly as they do the tendency of many people to live together without marriage vows. To traditionalists - including many younger Americansmarriage is still monogamy, binding together husband and wife till death us do part.

But others take a more tolerant view of divorce as an inevitable by-product of many external factors - including the women's rights drive, the so-called sexual revolution, the strains of urban living and the decline of religion as an inhibiting force. Furthermore, it is pointed out the high rate of remarriage after divorce might be a sign of the continuing strength of marriage and family.

However much moral judgments differ, it is broadly conceded that divorce is moving toward the status of normal in the thinking of Americans. In a poll conducted recently 60 per cent of the women interviewed said they regard divorce as an acceptable solution for marriage failure, while only 20 per cent said they did not. Steve W., who directed the poll noted: Marriage may march on, but many marriages do not and divorce is now accepted by a 3-to-l margin as a solution for an unsuccessful marriage."

Can the divorce explosion be curbed?

Because the incidence of divorce is especially high among persons in their teens, some sociologists see hope in the fact that a growing proportion of first-time marriages are occurring at later ages. The percentage of women, who remain single until they are 20 to 24 years old, increased by two fifths between 1960 and 1974, according to the Census Bureau.

Yet increased maturity at marriage so far has not curbed the divorce explosion as hoped. Instead, counselors find that todays brides and grooms enter marriage in more skeptical frames of mind than their predecessors did, and are more willing to call it quits.

Young wives who are contributing to the family income are asserting a new independence in marriage, which causes friction in many instances.

Many States are making divorce easier. Already, 23 States have adopted some form of no-fault divorce, making it possible for couples to split without the necessity for one partner to be saddled with the legal blame. To avoid breakups, more and more couples are seeking the help of ministers, physicians, marriage counselors and sex therapists. Often, however, couples delay seeking help until it is too late to save the marriage.

Some authorities say the best way to curb the rising divorce rate is to-do a better job of preparing young people for marriage before the ceremony. Some educators feel that high schools should require students to take courses on marriage and family matters. The Oregon State legislature considered a bill to require premarital counseling before the issuance of a wedding license. And the Massachusetts legislature recently debated a proposal allowing couples to sign contracts spelling out the terms of their marriage.

At the same time, some counselors take the position that not all marriages are worth saving and that more attention needs to be paid to helping the couples in failed marriages to pan with minimum complications. Along that line, the University of Wisconsin at its extension social-services center is offering a course on the emotional financial and legal problems during and after divorce. But it will be longtime, say social scientists, before Americans find a way to reduce divorce rates - or to cope satisfactorily with the strains that divorce represents in family life.

call it quits stop working; here divorce

dissolve bring to, come to an end (e.g. to dissolve a marriage)

binge here. a period of excessive growth

lag go too slow

uncontested case a divorce case in which both partners are willing to divorce without any claims on each other. Ant. contested case

child-support payments amounts of money which a divorced husband agrees to pay to his ex-wife to raise his children; alimony - money paid by a man to his former wife after a legal separation or divorce

family counselors an office of counselors who give advice on

family matters matters of making up a family quarrel, bridging a gap between husband and wife, etc.

the women's rights drive-an equivalent to a women's liberation movement (women's lib) a campaign for equal women's rights in economic and social life the incidence of divorce - the rate of divorce

curb control (a horse) by means of a chain or leather strap passing under a horses jaw

no-fault divorce a divorce case in which neither husband nor wife are found guilty

 

1. What do the basic statistics point up?

2. What are the social implications of the above fact as regards

a) the family living standard?

b) women going out to work?

c) juvenile delinquency?

3. What views are taken by the Americans of the divorce phenomenon (traditional-minded. more tolerant)?

4. What can be done to curb the divorce explosion?

5. Do marriage counselors agree on the view that all marriages are worth saving?

6. How can you explain the title of the article?


 





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