18
1. .
1.1. - . . . , .
1.2. :
- ( 99,2% (.));
- -0119 23343-78;
- -152 18099-78;
- 10214-78 1928-79 ( ).
1.3. [2]:
, × -1:
-
-
tp, 0C:
- t = 39 [3];
- t = 80.
, × -3:
- = 850.
, × -3:
-
-
390 [2], :
- lg
= 3,0.
390, × -2 × -1:
- Wc = 10-6 × × 3,0 = 3,1919 × 10-5.
1.4. [2]:
, 0:
- t = 21.
(), % (.):
-
-
, % (.):
-
-
1.5. .
1.5.1. : L = 264,7 , S = 30,54 , H = 15,75 .
V = 264,7 × 30,54 × 15,75 = 127322,0 3.
1.5.2. 0,00: F = 264,7 × 30,54 = 8083,94 2.
1.5.3. :
- ( /1) F1, = 1,75∙3,49 = 6,11 2;
- ( -/1) F2, = 1,97∙ 6,61 = 13,02 2;
- ( /3-/1) F3, = 82,76∙ 6,55 = 542,08 2;
- ( -1) F4, = 50,04 ∙ 6,55 = 327,76 2;
- :
F = F1,+ F2, + F3, + F4, = 6,11+13,02+542,08+327,76 = 888,97 2.
1.5.4. :
F = F - F = 8083,94 - 888,97 = 7194,97 2.
1.5.5. F :
V = 7194,97∙ 15,75 = 113320,78 3.
1.5.6. . 6,500:
- (. 6,500, /1, ):
V1, = 1,95∙ 27,05∙ 9,25 = 487,91 3;
- (.6,500, /1, ):
V2, = 5,47∙ 23,99∙ 9,25 = 1213,83 3;
- (. 6,500, /2-/2):
V3, = 23,92∙ 7,27∙ 9,25-13,02∙ 9,25 = 1488,12 3;
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- (.6,500, /1-):
V4, = 5,43∙ 6,55∙ 9,25 = 328,99 3;
- (. 6,500, /2-, ):
V5, = 0,72∙ 27,0∙ 9,25 = 179,82 3;
- :
V1-5, = V1, + V2, + V3, + V4, + V5, = 3698,67 3.
1.5.7. V1-5,:
V1 = V - V1-5, = 113320,78 - 3698,67 = 109622,11 3.
1.5.8. . 12,030:
- (.12,030, /3-/1):
V1, = 10,5∙ 6,55∙ 3,72 = 255,84 3;
- (.6,500, /1-/3):
V2, = 6,5∙ 6,55∙ 9,25 = 393,82 3;
- (. 12,030, /3-/1):
V3, = 5,08∙ 6,55∙ 3,72 = 123,78 3;
- (. 7,800, -):
V4, = 23,1∙ 6,55∙ 7,95 - 5,82∙ 2,72∙ 2,82 = 1158,23 3;
- (. 3,74, /1):
V5, = 1,75∙ 3,49∙ 2,26 = 13,80 3;
- (. 3,040, -/1):
V6, = 1,97∙ 6,61∙ 2,96 = 38,54 3;
- :
V1-6, = V1, + V2, + V3, + V4, + V5, + V6, = 1984,01 3.
1.5.9. . - 2,500 0,00
(L=80,5 , S=3,60 ¸ 6,40 , =2,10 ¸ 2,20 ):
V = (1,90∙6,40 +2,40∙5,00 +1,40∙4,00 +6,40∙3,10 +66,4∙2,60 +2,0∙2,50) ∙ 2,20+
+76,20∙1,00∙2,10 = 659,95 3.
1.5.10. - :
V = V1 + V1-6, + V = 109622,11 + 1984,01 + 659,95 = 112266,07 3.
1.5.11. - :
V = 0,8∙V = 0,8∙112266,07 = 89812,86 3 89813 3.
1.5.12. :
- -03d = 15 ;
- -152 d = 20 .
1.5.13. :
- -03 G, = 3,97 × -2 ∙ -1;
- -152 G = 4,2 ∙ -2 ∙ -1.
1.5.14. :
- -03 j, = 67% (.);
- -152 j = 78% (.).
1.5.15. :
- ( -03) G = 2,66 ∙ -2∙ -1;
- ( -152) G = 3,276 ∙ -2 ∙ -1.
1.5.16. :
- :
n, = 407,3 2 ∙ -1 = 6,79 2 ∙ -1 = 0,1131 2 ∙ -1;
- :
n, = 101,8 2 ∙ -1 = 1,70 2 ∙-1 = 0,0283 2 ∙ -1.
1.5.17. , :
- -03 (), :
n, = 101,8 × 15 × 2,66 × 10-3 = 4,0618 × -1 = 0,001128 × -1;
- -152 (), :
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n, = 101,8 × 20 × 3,276 × 10-3 = 6,6699 × -1 = 0,001853 × -1;
- -152 (), :
n, = 407,3 × 20 × 3,276 × 10-3 = 26,6863 × -1 = 0,007413 × -1.
2. .
2.1. , , :
2.1.1. =178,4 :
= 714 × -1 = 0,19844 × -1.
2.1.2. d= 0,219 L = 1152 , ...1.2 ) .2.4 [1] :
= 0,19844 × 300 +0,01 × 3,14 × 178,4 × × 1152 × 0,626 = 107,97 .
2.1.3. , , = 3600 = 1 [1] = 2 :
- , -152:
m = 2 × n, × = 2 × 26,6863 × 1 = 53,3726 ;
- , -03:
m = 2 × n, × = 2 × 4,0618 × 1 = 8,1236 ;
- , -152:
m = 2 × n, × = 2 × 6,6699 × 1 = 13,3398 .
2.1.4. m (), F = 226,84 2 = 3600 [1], :
m = W ∙ F ∙= 3,1919∙10-5∙226,84∙3600 = 26,0658 .
2.2. :
2.2.1. , V = 60 = 0,06 3 d = d = 0,04 (L + L) = 312 , :
m = × n × t + [V + 0,785 × ( × L + × L)] × j × =
=2 × 0,007413 × 300+[0,06+0,785 × (0,042 × 156+0,042 × 156)] × 0,78 ×850=304,04 .
2.2.2. F, (2) -152 :
F, = 2.
2.2.3. m (), -152 , :
m = m + W × F, × = 26,0658 +3,1919 × 10-5 × 458,6 × 3600 = 78,7628 .
2.2.4. m (), (..2.1.3), :
m = m + m + m = 53,3726 +8,1236 +13,3398 = 74,836 .
2.2.5. m, (), , :
m, = m + m = 78,7628 +74,836 = 153,5988 .
2.3. , :
2.3.1. m (), -152 (..2.2.3).
2.3.2. , , , , , :
- -03, :
F = 260 2;
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m = K × G × F × d = 2 × 2,66 × 10-3 × 260 × 15 = 20,7480 ;
- -03, :
F = 227,5 2;
m = G × F × d = 2,66 × 10-3 × 227,5 ×15 = 9,0772 ;
- -152, :
F = 305,5 2;
m = K∙ G∙F∙d = 2∙3,276∙10-3∙305,5∙ 20 = 40,0327 ;
- -152, :
F = 500,5 2;
m = G × F × d = 3,276 × 10-3 × 500,5 × 20 = 32,7928 ;
- -152, :
F = 533 2;
m = K × G × F × d = 2 × 3,276 × 10-3 × 533 × 20 = 69,8443 ;
- -152, :
F= 1092 2;
m = G × F × d = 3,276 × 10-3 × 1092 × 20 = 71,5478 .
2.4. , , :
2.4.1. , (. .2.1.2).
2.4.2. , (... 2.3.2 2.1.4).
3. DP (.1) [1].
3.1. , , :
=
= =
= 0,2965 × (9,2135 +0,9833+3,1946) = 3,97 .
5 , , - .
3.2. :
= =
= 0,04942 × (17,8269+19,1676) = 1,83 .
5 , , - .
3.3. , :
=
= =
= 0,04942 × (17,8269+62,5062) = 3,97 .
5 , , - .
3.4. , , :
+ 0,9833 + 10,4177) = 6,11 .
5 , , - .
19
1. .
1.1. . -10, - () -50. L ´ S ´ H = 54,0 ´ 12,0 ´ 12,7 . V = 8229,6 3. V = 0,8 × 8229,6 = 6583,7 3 6584 3. F=648 2. (m1 = 20,7 ) -10 (m2 =2,36 ) L1 ´ S1 ´ H1= 1,5 ´ 1,0 ´ 1,0 (F1=1,5 2). L2 ´ S2 ´ H2 = 1,2 ´ 0,8 ´ 2,85 (F2 = 0,96 2) -, V = 3 = 0,003 3 ( ). -50 L3 ´ S3 ´ H3 = 1,15 ´ 0,9 ´ 0,72 (F3 = 1,035 2, V3 = 0,7452 3) t = 1400 . -50 m3 = 538 . L4 ´ S4 = 6,0 ´ 4,0 (F4 = 24,0 2), m4 = 24 m5 = 1650 .
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1.2. . - - 10,521,0. - =147,3 × -1. -: =7,13623; =2218,3; = 273,15. - t >330 , -50 t = 2000 , -10 t = 2470 . t = 250 - r = 790 ∙-3, -50 r = 903 ∙-3, -10 r = 980 ∙-3. - = = 43,966 ∙-1= 4,397∙107 ∙-1, -50 = 50460-8,545∙r = 50460-8,545∙903 = 42744 ∙-1= 42,744 × -1, = 13,272 × -1, = 20,853 × -1.
2. .
-. 2.01.01-82 [3] (. ) t = 350. - t= 350 r = =5,8240 ∙-3. ..1.2 ) [1] =3600 .
3. V F - ..1.2. [1] :
V = V = 0,003 3 = 3 ,
F = 1,0 × 3 = 3 2.
4. - t=350 :
lg P = 7,13623 - = - 0,062537,
P = 0,87 .
5. W - :
W = 10-6 × 1,0 × × 0,87 = 1,056 × 10-5 × -2 × -1.
6. - m, , :
m = 1,056 × 10 -5× 3 × 3600 = 0,114 .
7. DP (22) "" :
D = 2,831 × 10-5 × = 0,02 .
8. 5 . ( ). .5.2 . .1 [1] 1-4.
9. ..2 [1] Q g:
G3 = m3 = 538 , G4 = m4 = 24 , G5 = m5 = 1650 ,
Q = 538 × 42,744 +24 ×13,272 +1650 × 20,583 = 57277 ,
S = F3 + F4 = 1,035 + 24,0 = 25,035 2,
g = = 2288 × -2.
10. 2200 ×-2. . .1 [1] 1.
20
1. .
1.1. , . , . 45/190, (). 8 : 6 V= 10 3 , , ; 2 V= 15 3 . (-1), t=2100 . t=1900. 45/190 - 8 , - 1 , - 1 . m1 = 250 . 1 0,3 . V = 1 3. m2 = 400 , , m3 = 0,12 .
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t=1500 , , , . 1 1,7 ( ).
L´S´H = 24´36´12 . V = 10368 3. V = 0,8 × 10368 = 8294,4 3. F= 864 2.
(-1) n1 = 170 3×-1 = 0,0472 3 × -1 = 71,5 × -1. m4=15 . L1=19 , d1=150 = 0,15 . , , n2 = 10 3 × -1 = 0,00278 3 × -1 = 2,78 × -1 ( 2,5 × -1), n3= 5 3 × -1 = 0,00139 3 × -1 = 1,39 × -1 ( 1,25 × -1). L2=15 , d2=150 = 0,15 . , , , , n4 = 25 3 × -1 = 0,007 3 × -1 = 7 × -1. L3 = 20 , d3 = 150 = 0,15 .
1 30 (0,03 ) . 1 , 1 . n5 = 1,65 ∙-1. , b1 = 0,2 b2 = 0,8.
1.2. . 45/190
t = 212 0, -1 t = 214 0. r = 1000 ×-3, -1 r = 1514 × -3. = = 50460 - 8,545 × r = 41915 × -1 = 41,92 × -1, -1 = = 50460 - 8,545 × 1514 = 37523 × -1 = 37,52 × -1, = = 44000 ×-1 = 44,0 ∙-1.
2. .
. . , .
2.1. . ...3.2-.3.6.
2.1.1. n6 :
n6 = 0,03 × 1,65 = 0,0495 × -1.
2.1.2. 1, (30 = 720 ) (b1=0,2; a=0), :
m1 = 0,0495 × 720 × 0,2 = 7,128 .
2.1.3. 2, (8 ) (b2=0,8; a=0), :
m2 = 0,0495 × 8 × 0,8 = 0,317 .
2.1.4. m (=1,0; =0,7) m (=0,9) :
m = × (7,128+0,317) = 10,636 ,
m = 10,636 . 0,9 = 9,572 .
2.1.5. m, , :
m = m3 = 0,12 .
2.1.6. m, , :
m = 9,572+0,12 = 9,692 .
2.2. , . ..1.2 [1] .
2.2.1. m (V=15 3) (q = n3; = 300 ):
= (15 + 0,00139 × 300 + × 0,152 × 15) ×1000 =
= 15682 .
2.2.2. m m , , 8:1:1:
m = × m = × 15682 = 1568,2 .
2.2.3. m, , ( 1 1,7 ), :
m = 0,0017 × m = 0,0017 × 1568,2 = 2,7 .
3. DP (22) (43) "".
3.1. DP , , :
D = 47,18 × = 2,42 .
3.2. DP , , , :
D = 2,831 ×10-5 × = 0,4 .
4. 5 . , . .5.2 .1 [1] 1-4.
5. , , , 4 V=103 2 V=15 3 . . , = 41,92 × -1.
6. ..2 [1] Q g:
G = 4 × 10 × 1000 + 2 × 15 × 0,9 × 1000 = 67000 ,
Q = 67000 × 41,92 = 2808640 ,
S = F = 864 2,
g = = 3251 × -2.
7. 2200 ∙-2. , ..1 [1] 1.