1. Мне разрешают пользоваться папиным магнитофоном.
2. Дети уже большие. Им разрешают ходить в школу одним.
3. Ему не разрешают купаться в этой реке.
4. Вчера ей позволили прийти домой в десять часов.
5. Нам не позволяют разговаривать на уроках.
6. Тебе разрешили взять эту книгу?
7. Я думаю, мне не разрешат поехать с тобой за город.
8. Тебе разрешат пойти гулять, когда ты сделаешь уроки?
9. Тебе разрешали ходить на озеро, когда ты был маленький?
10. Когда мне разрешат есть мороженое?
Ex. 4. In this exercise you have to talk about your (and other people’s) future plans. But you are not sure what is going to happen. Use may or might.
Example: Where are you going for your holidays? (to Italy?)
I haven’t finally decided but I may (or might )go to Italy.
1. What sort of car are you going to buy? (a Mercedes?) I am not sure yet but…
2. What are you doing this weekend? (go to London?) I am not sure but ….
3. Where are you going to hang this picture? (in the dining-room?) I don’t
know for sure but ….
4. When is Tom coming to see us (tomorrow evening?) I am not sure but …
5. What’s Jill going to do when she leaves school? (a secretarial course?)
She hasn’t decided yet but ….
6. Where are you going for you weekend? (to Ireland?) I haven’t finally
decided but ….
7. What are you doing this Sunday? (go to the cinema?). I am not sure but…
8. When is Kate coming to my place? (on Saturday?) I am not sure but….
9. Where are you going to place that bookcase? (in the study?) I haven’t made up my mind yet but ….
10. What is Julia going to do when she leaves university? (to look for a job?)
She hasn’t decided yet but ….
Ex. 5. Talk about possible happenings. Use the words in brackets
Example: Do you think it will rain this afternoon?(may) It may rain thisafternoon.
1. Do you think Ann will come to the party? (might not) She ….
2. Do you think Tom will be late? (may) He …
3. Do you think Jill will be able to find our house? (might not). She ….
4. Do you think there’ll be an election this year? (might) There ….
5. Do you think Tony will pass the exam? (may not).
6. Do you think they’ll be waiting for us when we arrive? (might)
7. Do you think it’ll snow later? (may)
8. Do you think my parents will go to the theatre tonight? (might not)
9. Do you think I’ll go out this evening? (may not)
10. Do you think Tom will like the present I bought for him? (may not)
11. Do you think Sue will be able to meet us this evening? (might)
Ex. 6.Put modal verbs may/might or can/could
1. … I use your pen?
2. … I find a pen on that table?
3. You … read this book. You know the language well enough.
4. You … take this book: I don’t need it.
5. … I help you?
6. … I ask you to help me?
7. She asked if she … use my telephone?
8. He knew this period of history very well: he had read everything on the
subject he … find in the rich university library.
9. … I offer you my seat?
10. He … be at school now. He is ill.
Must
| Значение | Тип предложения | Инфинитив | Пример | Перевод |
| Долженствование, необходимость. | Утвердительное вопросительное | Неперфект-ный общего вида | I must go. Must I go? | Мне надо идти. Я должен идти? |
| Запрещение | Отрицательное | Неперфект-ный общего вида | You mustn’t do it. | Не смей (нельзя) это делать. |
| Вероятность | Утвердительное | Любой | He must have read the book. He must be sleeping. | Он, вероятно, читал эту книгу. Должно быть, он спит. |
must-may-might-can’t (uncertainty, probability)
Ex. 1. Translate into English using must/may/might/can’t
1. Они, должно быть, живут в Москве.
2. Они, может быть, живут в Москве.
3. Может быть, они и живут в Москве (хотя едва ли)
4. Не может быть, что они живут в Москве.
5. Неужели они живут в Москве.
6. Вероятно, она работает.
7. Возможно, она работает.
8. Вряд ли она работает.
9. Не может быть, что она работает.
10. Неужели она все еще работает?
11. Должно быть, он уже вернулся с работы.
12. Может быть, он уже вернулся с работы.
13. Возможно, он уже и вернулся с работы (хотя едва ли).
14. Не может быть, что он уже вернулся с работы.
15. Неужели он уже вернулся с работы.
Need
| Значение | Тип предложения | Инфинитив | Пример | Перевод |
| Отсутствие необходимости совершать действие | Отрицательное | Неперфектный общего вида | She needn’t go there. | Ей не нужно туда идти. |
| Сомнение в целесообразности действия | Вопросительное | Неперфектный общего вида | Need I do it? | Мне нужно это делать? |
| Порицание прошлого действия | Отрицательное | Перфектный | You needn’t have spent all the money. | Зря ты потратил все деньги. |
Ex. 1. Write a sentence with needn’t
Example: Shall I do the shopping now? (no/this afternoon)
No you needn’t do it now. You can do it this afternoon.
1. Shall I clean the windows today? (no/tomorrow)
2. Shall I type this letters now? (no/later)
3. Shall I go to the bank this morning? (no/this afternoon)
4. Shall we leave home now? (no/in an hour)
5. Shall I do the task at once? (no/after you have dinner)
6. Shall I go to the post-office today? (no/tomorrow)
7. Shall I lay the table now? (no/in the evening)
8. Shall I wash up now? (no/later)
9. Shall I translate this article now? (no/tomorrow)
10. Shall I help you? (no/later)
Ex. 2. Complete the sentence with must, mustn’t or needn’t
Example: We haven’t got much time. We must hurry.
We’ve got plenty of time. We needn’t hurry.
1. Do you want me to wait for you? No, it’s okay. You … wait.
2. Tom gave me the letter to post. I … forget to post it.
3. You … come if you don’t want to but I hope you will.
4. What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big? – Well, it … be big,
that’s not important. But it … have a nice garden – that’s essential.
5. We have enough food at home so we … go shopping today.
6. This book is very valuable. You … look after it very carefully and you … lose it.
7. We haven’t got much time. We … hurry.
8. There’s plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You … decide now.
9. My mother gave me a shopping list. I … forget to buy something.
10. You … wash those tomatoes. They’ve already been washed.
Ex. 3. Write a sentence with needn’t have
Example: I don’t know why we hurried. We needn’t have hurried.
1. I don’t know why they left so early. They ….
2. I don’t know why she shouted at me like that. She ….
3. I don’t know why he read the whole book. …..
4. I don’t know why she cancelled her holiday. ….
5. Tom went out and took an umbrella with him because he thought it was
going to rain. But it didn’t rain. …...
6. Ann bought some eggs. When she got home she found that she already had
plenty of eggs..….
7. Jack got very angry with Jill and threw a book at her. Later Jill said: “I know you were very angry but …..
8. Brian had no money, so he sold his car. A few days later he won a lot of
money in a competition. ….
9. A friend got angry with you and shouted at you. You think this was
unnecessary. Later you say: You ….
10. When we went on holiday, we took the camera with us but we didn’t use it in the end ….
11. I thought I was going to miss my train so I rushed to the station. But the train was late and in the end I had to wait 20 minutes. ….
Ex. 4. Translate into English using modal verb need
1. Мне нужно тебе помогать?
2. Вы можете не ходить туда.
3. Зря он туда пошел.
4. Я могу и не спрашивать его: он сам мне все расскажет.
5. Зря она купила так много продуктов.
6. Она может не ходить в библиотеку: я дам ей книгу.
7. Мне нужно сдавать зачет? Нет, вам не нужно.
8. Зря Том торопился: поезд опоздал.
9. Ты мог бы и не брать зонт: дождя не было.
10. Я должен остаться после урока? Нет, тебе не нужно.
To have to – to be to
| Глагол | Значение | Пример | Перевод |
| To have to | Необходимость в силу обстоятельств | I had to ask for help. | Мне пришлось просить о помощи |
| To be to | Долженствование в результате договоренности | They are to come at 5 o’clock. They were to come at 5 o’clock. | Они должны прийти в 5 часов. Они должны были прийти в 5. |
Ex. 1. Put modal verb to have to or to be to
1. She … to send a telegram because it was late to send a letter.
2. They decided that she … to send them a telegram every tenth day.
3. You..to learn all the new words for the next lesson.
4. It is raining. You … to put on your raincoat.
5. The planters … to gather their cotton at once, as they had been warned that
heavy rains were expected.
6. You … to learn this poem for tomorrow.
7. I … to wear glasses as my eyesight is very weak.
8. “You … to stay in bed for a few days”, ordered a doctor.
9. The child … to take castor oil as he has a stomach trouble.
10. This week we … to meet a famous scientist.
Ex. 2. Complete these sentences with must or have to
Example: Well, it’s 10 o’clock. I have to go now.
1. Ann was feeling ill last night. She … leave the party early.
2. You really … work harder if you want to pass that examination.
3. Many children in Britain … wear uniform when they go to school.
4. Last night Tom suddenly became ill. We … call the doctor.
5. Ann has … wear glasses since she was eight years old.
6. I’m afraid I can’t come tomorrow. I … work late.
7. I’m sorry I couldn’t come yesterday. I … work late.
8. Tom may … go away next week.
9. We couldn’t repair the car ourselves. We … take it to the garage.
10. When you come to London again, you … come and see us.
Ex. 3. Make questions with have to
Example: Tom had to go to the police station.Why did he have to go to the police station?
1. Ann has to leave tomorrow. What time exactly …?
2. We had to answer a lot of questions in the examination. How many
questions …?
3. George had to pay a parking fine. How much …?
4. I have to get up early tomorrow. Why …?
5. I had to go to hospital last week. Why …?
6. Jill has to go somewhere now. Where …?
7. I had to wait a long time for the bus. How long …?
8. I have to phone my sister now. Why …?
9. Paul has to leave soon. What time …?
10. I have to do my flat now. Why …?
Ex.4. Make negative sentences with have to
Example: Did they change trains?No, it was a through train so we didn’t have to change them..
1. Did you pay to get into the concert? No, we had free tickets so we ….
2. Does Jack shave? No, he’s got a beard so ….
3. Did you get up early this morning? No, it’s my day off so ….
4. Do you work? No, I am extremely rich so ….
5. Will you get up early tomorrow? No, I am not working tomorrow so ….
6. Why did you return early from the bank this morning? There was no queue,
so I ….
7. Why don’t you hurry? We’ve got plenty of time so …
8. Did they go to the University yesterday? No, it was Saturday so ….
9. Did the man go to hospital? No, he felt better so ….
10. Does your sister go to school? No, she is five only so ….
Should – ought to
| Значение | Тип предложения | Пример | Перевод |
| Моральное обязательство | Утвердительное отрицательное. | You should (ought to) be always polite. You should not (ought not to) tell lies. | Следует всегда быть вежливым. Не следует врать. |
| Порицание прошлого действия | Утвердительноеотрицательное | You should (ought to) have helped me. You shouldn’t (oughtn’t to) have done it. | Тебе следовало помочь мне. Не следовало тебе это делать. |
| Совет | Утвердительноеотрицательное | You should (ought to) see a doctor. You shouldn’t (oughtn’t to) go there. | Вам следует показаться врачу. Тебе не следует туда ходить. |
| Предположение | Утвердительноеотрицательное | He should (ought to) be at home now. There should (ought to) be no difficulties. | Он, должно быть, сейчас дома. Не должно быть никаких трудностей. |
Ex. 1. Complete the sentences with should (have ) + the verb in brackets
Example: Margaret has been studying very hard. She should pass the exam.
1. You missed great party last night. You …. (come)
2. We don’t see you enough. You … and see us more often. (come)
3. I’m in a difficult position. What do you think I …? (do)
4. I’m sorry that I didn’t take you advice. I … what you said. (do)
5. I’m playing tennis with Jill tomorrow. She’ much better than me so she …
(win).
6. We lost the match but we …. We were the better team. (win)
7. John isn’t here yet but he … here soon. (be)
8. I posted the letter three days ago, so it … by now. (arrive)
9. I am feeling sick. I ate too much. I … so much. (eat)
10. When we got to the restaurant, there were no free tables. We … one.
(reserve)
Ex. 2. Complete the sentences with should (have ) or had to
1. I …(to write) this composition yesterday, but I was too busy as I … (to
translate) a very long text from English.
2. I … not (to take) my little brother to the evening performance, he was so
exited; but I really … (to do) so, for there was nobody at home to leave him with.
3. You … (to see) our team play! You have missed a lot. You … (to go) to the
stadium.
4. It was a very important meeting and we … (to attend) it. That’s why we
returned home late.
5. He … (to attend) the lesson: the material which the teacher explained was
very difficult, and now it will be impossible for him to write the test-paper well.
6. Although he felt unwell, he … (to attend) the lesson because the teacher
explained some very difficult material.
Ex. 3. Translate into English using modal verbs can/may or needn’t
1. Можете сегодня туда пойти.
2. Можете сегодня туда не ходить.
3. Можете не переписывать сочинение.
4. Можете остаться: ведь у вас есть время.
5. Можете остаться, если хотите.
6. Можете не оставаться, если не хотите.
7. Можете не говорить ему об этом.
8. Можете сказать ему об этом.
9. Нам можно не повторять эти правила: мы их знаем.
10. Можно было и не писать сочинение.
11. Он мог и не приходить: все было уже сделано.
12. Вы можете взять эту книгу, если хотите.
13. Вы можете взять эту сумку: она не тяжелая.
Ex. 4. Now you have to translate into English using can(can’t) / may / must / needn’t/shouldn’t
1. Она, должно быть, дома сейчас.
2. Она, должно быть, была дома вчера.
3. Мы, может быть, придем к вам завтра.
4. Они, может быть, приходили к нам вчера, но нас не было дома.
5. Он, должно быть, видел этот памятник, когда был в вашем городе.
6. Он, может быть, видел этот памятник, когда был в вашем городе.
7. Не может быть, что он видел эту картину.
8. Не может быть, что он знает этого человека.
9. Ты можешь пойти туда: я не возражаю.
10. Ты можешь пойти туда: это совсем близко.
11. Ты не можешь пойти туда: ты не знаешь адреса.
12. Ты можешь не ходить туда: я могу им позвонить.
13. Ты не должен ходить туда: они очень плохие люди.
14. Ты мог и не ходить туда вчера.
15. Тебе следовало пойти туда вчера.
16. Тебе не следовало ходить туда вчера.
