I. Read the following words and word combinations of the Greek and Latin origin and give their Russian equivalents:
calcification process [kqelsifikeiSqn prousqs], traumatism [trLmqtizm], normal position, dental follicle [fOlikl], obstruction [qbstrAkSn], associated [q,souSieitid], individual [individjuql, extremely [ikstrJmli], dental literature [litqrqCq], radiography [,reidiOgrqfi]
II. Learn the following words:
to erupt [irApt] -
germ [GWm] - ()
to remove [rimHv] - ,
to extract [irstrqekt] - ()
incarceration [in,kRsqreiSqn] -
retention [ritenSn] -
impaction [impqekSqn] -
heredity [hirediti] -
generation [,GenireiSqn] -
influence [influqns] -
rare [rFq] -
frequent [frJkwqnt] - ,
aid [eid] -
evident [evidqns] - ,
apparent [qpqerqnt] - , ,
to be due to [djH] -
III. Read and translate the following words with the same roots:
erupt, eruption, erupted; fail, failure; develop, development, developing, developed; remove, removal; frequent, frequently; occur, occurrence; careful, careless, carefully; present, presence; abnormal, abnormality, abnormally; heredity, hereditary
IV.Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the verb to fail.
1. The X-ray film failed to reveal any pathology in the roots of the tooth.
2. The doctor tried to stop the inflammation medically but he failed.
3. Nobody failed the experiments.
4. This drug failed to relieve a bad toothache.
5. The dentist fails to find any inflammation in the gum.
6. I think that these procedures will fail to restore the tooth.
7. Wisdom teeth failed to erupt due to a certain genetic disease.
8. Dentists may recommend premedication when all means of relieving fear fail.
9. Cleft formation of the lip, jaw, palate arise because of the failure of the facial processes to unite.
V. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the functions of the word one.
1. One of the most important functions of saliva lies in its ability to neutralize acid.
2. The two teeth on either side of the missing one tilt towards each other and form additional food traps.
3. The anterior teeth are more often fractured than the posterior ones.
4. One should always remember that the loss of a single tooth can give rise to caries and periodontal disease.
5. The root-filled tooth with then function just as well as one with a normal pulp.
6. One knows that dental decay can be reduced by removing the dental plaque.
7. Caries and periodontal disease are the examples of some generative diseases and some chronic ones.
8. Temporary filling is used when there is no sufficient time to stop the cavity and insert a permanent one in one visit.
9. One can speak about a basic preventive outlook.
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10. If an acute abscess is not treated it eventually turns into a chronic one.
11. Excessive consumption of snacks and sweets is one of the commonest causes of caries.
12. One must take into account many financial factors and also ethical and moral ones.
13. One can see some universal equipment to fulfill the needs of the dentist.
VI. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the conjunctions if and whether.
1. The tooth can be set right without any pain if a cavity is discovered at an early stage.
2. The patient wondered if conservative treatment was technically possible.
3. An acute abscess eventually turns into a chronic abscess if it is not treated.
4. If the pulp is exposed or dead root canal therapy is usually necessary before the filling is done.
5. It is interesting if prosthetic treatment will restore normal occlusion and function if teeth have already been lost.
6. Caries will cause toothache followed by pulpitis if it is allowed to progress untreated.
7. The dentists decision on whether to treat a decayed tooth by an ordinary filling depends on the state of the pulp.
8. Sometimes it is difficult to determine whether this anomaly is a true one or simply a variation in tooth morphology.
9. The patient asked whether he should contact the surgery if any difficulties arise.
10. In deciding whether to treat by extraction or endodontics several factors are considered.
11. The doctor asked the patients relatives if they understood how serious the situation was.
12. If this question is followed up by asking whether most of the fillings are old or whether they have to be replaced regularly, the information obtained may indicate whether the patient is currently a high caries risk.
