. ʳ, , , , , , , . , , 54 1900 . 4345 . 1963 .
1964 . ̳ , ' . , , , . , ' , , . ֳ 1999 . 2500 .
. Philip Morris, , - , , Marlboro, Benson & Hedges, Parliament Virginia Slims. Philip Morris Altria Group, , , Philip Morris. British American Tobacco (BAT), , , Kool, Raleigh Viceroy ( , 䳺 , Brown & Williamson). , 1999 ., R.J. Reynolds, Camel, Doral, Salem, Winston, , . Japan Tobacco, R.J. Reynolds.
70- 80- . , ϳ . ֳ . -, . -, .
. . , , - . ϳ 㳿 . , , 700 . ( 500 ).
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Philip Morris, R.J. Reynolds British American Tobacco , , . . , ( , ), . , . Philip Morris . ' , 1992 ., , , Tabak, . , Philip Morris , , . 2003 . Philip Morris Papastratos, , , , , . . R. J. Reynolds , .
. . , 80- Japan Tobacco . ' , ( Levi's, McDonald's ij), .
, Գ, , , , ', , . , , . , , 1985 . , , 26% 1% . , 48% 20% .
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, , , . , , . , , . Philip Morris , . , , , : . . , . Philip Morris, , . . Philip Morris : Marlboro . , .
. , , . 80- . (U. S. Trade Representative, USTR , ) , ϳ , , . , . , . . 1986 . , . , Philip Morris R.J. Reynolds, . , Philip Morris R.J. Reynolds, , , , . . ̳ ' , 18 , . , 䳿 . , ϳ , , Super 301 ( ).
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, , . 30% , , , , . 2000 . ' (²), ' , .
², , 500 . ', . ² , , .
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