() , . . (), .
- , , , , , , , .
, .
, , . , , , , , .
: , .
, , , , . : , , , , .
, , , , , . , , .
:
- ;
- , ;
;
- ;
- .
. 3.1.
. 3.1.
, , . , , .
|
|
, , , , . . , . , , .
. . , , . , . .
, , , . , , .
. . .
, : , , (, , ) , , .
L () h () v (/), :
h = h / , (3.1)
, h, B h - , ( ).
v = v / , (3.2)
, v, Bv - , ( ) H 0(), i ( 1000 ) B ( ), . 3.1.
τ τ . 3.2. H 0, i L.
τ () :
τ = β ∙ (τ τ ) ∙ [1 (h / h)], (3.3)
|
|
, β , H () i L () (. 3.3); h - .
3.1
(3.1) (3.2)
H 0 | |||||||||
i = 1 ∙ 10-4 | i = 1 ∙ 10-3 | ||||||||
h | B h | v | Bv | h | B h | v | Bv | ||
0,5 | |||||||||
0,25 | |||||||||
3.2
(τ , ) (τ , )
L, | H 0 = 20 | H 0 = 40 | H 0 = 80 | |||||||||
i = 1 ∙ 10-4 | i = 1 ∙ 10-3 | i = 1 ∙ 10-4 | i = 1 ∙ 10-3 | i = 1 ∙ 10-4 | i = 1 ∙ 10-3 | |||||||
τ | τ | τ | τ | τ | τ | τ | τ | τ | τ | τ | τ | |
0,2 | 1,8 | 0,2 | 1,2 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 1,2 | 0,1 | 1,1 | 0,1 | 0,2 | ||
0,5 | 0,6 | 2,4 | 0,3 | 0,3 | 0,2 | 1,7 | 0,1 | 0,4 | ||||
1,6 | 0,5 | 0,4 | ||||||||||
1,2 | ||||||||||||
3.3
β
i ∙ L / H 0 | H 0 () h 0 () | |
H 0 / h 0 = 10 | H 0 / h 0 =20 | |
0,05 | 15,5 | 18,0 |
0,1 | 14,0 | 16,0 |
0,2 | 12,5 | 14,0 |
0,4 | 11,0 | 12,0 |
0,8 | 9,5 | 10,8 |
1,6 | 8,3 | 9,9 |
h , h = h h , (. 3.4).
3.4
,
V, / | h, | V, / | h, | V, / | h, | ||||||
3.0 | 2,0 | 2,5 | 1,5 | 1,0 | 1,0 | ||||||
(12 ) | 3,5 | 2.0 | 2,5 | 1,5 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |||||
5,0 | 2,5 | 3,5 | 2,0 | 2,0 | 2,0 | ||||||
(4 ) | 6,0 | 3,0 | 4,0 | 2,5 | 2,5 | 1,5 | |||||
( ) | 7,5 | 4,0 | 6,0 | 3,0 | 3,0 | 1,5 | |||||
, | 12,0 | 4,0 | 9,0 | 3,0 | 4,0 | 1,5 | |||||
, | 4,0 | 6,0 | 2,0 | 4,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |||||
3.0 | 2,0 | 2,0 | 2,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | ||||||
4.0 | 1,5 | 3,0 | 1,5 | 1,0 | 1,0 | ||||||
- | 5,0 | 2,0 | 4,0 | 2,0 | 2.0 | 1,0 | |||||
. 3.4
|
|
V, / | h, | V, / | h, | V, / | h, | |||||
16 | 8,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 3,0 | 2,0 | 2,0 | ||||
, | ||||||||||
( ) | 1,0 | 2,0 | 1,0 | 1,5 | 0,0 | 0,5 | ||||
2,0 | 3,0 | 1,0 | 2,0 | 0,0 | 0,5 | |||||
30-100 | 2,0 | 3,0 | 1,0 | 2,0 | 0,0 | 0,5 | ||||
2,0 | 2,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 0,5 | 0,5 | |||||
() | 2,5 | 2,0 | 1,0 | 1,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | ||||
4,0 | 3,0 | 2,0 | 1,5 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |||||
2,0 | 2,0 | 1,5 | 1,5 | 1,0 | 1,0 | |||||
3,5 | 3,0 | 3,0 | 1,5 | 1,5 | 1,0 | |||||
, 2 | 5,0 | 2,0 | 4.0 | 1,5 | 2,0 | 1,5 | ||||
( , ) | 7,0 | 2,0 | 4,0 | 1,5 | 2,0 | 1,5 | ||||