Seminar 1
Phonetic and Grammatical Peculiarities of Old English
The Outline of Seminar 1
1. Main features of Germanic Languages (word stress; system of consonants; Grimms Law; Werners Law; rhotacism; system of vowels; Common Germanic vowelshift; Common Germanic fracture; morphological structure of the word; noun declensions; strong and weak declensions of verbs).
2. Old English (OE) phonology.
2.1. Common Germanic fracture of OE.
2.2. Development of stressed vowels in OE. The main processes: i-umlaut, breaking, diphthongization due to initial palatal consonants, back mutation (umlaut), contraction.
2.3. Development of consonants in OE: splitting of velar consonants; loss of consonants, metatheses, shortening of consonants.
3. Old English Grammar.
3.1. The Noun. Its grammatical categories (gender, number, case; noun
declensions).
3.2. The Adjective. Its grammatical categories.
3.3. The Pronoun. Its groups and grammatical categories.
3.4. The Verb. Old English Ablaut. Morphological classes of verbs (strong, weak, preterite-present, anomalous).
Recommended Literature
Obligatory:
1. Verba L. History of the English Language.-Nova Knyha, 2004.
p. 25-56; 61-86.
2. . . . .
-., 1985.
TheoryTexts for analysisAssignmentsExercises
1. 1, p.4-16 Text1 (p.8) 1-4 (p.7)
8-9 (p.8)
2. 2, p.17-25 Text2 (p.19) 13-15 (p.14-15) 3 (p.15)
1-5 (p.19) 1-11 (p.24-25)
3. 3, p.26-34 Text3 (p.28) 2-8 (p.29) 1-3, 6 (p.34)
12-13 (p.32)
4. 4, p.35-40 Text .4 (p.39) 5-7 (p.36)
5. 5, p.40-48 Text6 (p.41) 1, 3, 4 (p.42)
6. 6, p.48-53 Text7 (p.49) 5-9 (p.50) 1-10 (p.53)
7. 7, p. 54-60 Text10 1-4 (p.61) 1-3, 5,6 (p.65)
5-8 (p.62)
21-22, 26 (p.63-64)
3. B. Ilyish. History of the English Language.-M., 1973.
P.12-16; 20-22; 44-53; 63-82; 87-105.
4. Lectures on the material.
Additional:
1. G. I. Stoudenets. History of the English Language in Tables.
-K., 1998.
Tables 13-24; 25-55.
2. T. A. Rastorguyeva. History of English.-M., 1983.
Pp.34-40; 42-49; 92-123.
Questions for self-testing:
1. What can you say about the the Common Germanic word accent (stress)?
2. What kind of process is the the Common Germanic fracture?
3. What kind of process is the the Common Germanic vowelshift?
4. Whats the essence of Grimms Law?
5. Whats the essence of Verners Law?
6. Whats the difference between Common Germanic and Old English systems of vowels?
7. What new diphthongs appeared in OE? What processes promoted their appearance?
8. What kinds of form-building means do you know and which of them were used in building different forms of words in OE?
9. What grammatical categories characterize OE nouns?
10. What declensions of nouns existed in OE?
11. What categories characterize OE pronouns? What declensions of adjectives
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existed in OE?
12. What classes of pronouns existed in OE and what grammatical categories
characterize each of the group?
13. What morphological classes of verbs existed in OE?
14. What are the characteristic features of each of the class?
15. Whats Ablaut? How did it change in Common Germanic and OE?
16. What categories characterize OE verbs? Which endings of the verbs reflect
these categories?
17. What are specific features of preterit-present verbs?
Seminar 2
Phonetic and Grammatical Peculiarities of Middle English
The Outline of Seminar 2
1. Major dialects in Middle English (ME). Dialect changes of individual vowels.
2. Quantitative changes of stressed vowels in ME. Leveling of ME vowels: lengthening and shortening.
3. Monophthongization of diphthongs in ME and formation of new ME diphthongs.
4. Reduction of vowels in unstressed positions.
5. Orthography in ME.
6. General characteristics of ME grammar. Reduction of unstressed vowels and morphological changes connected with it.
7. The Noun. Changes within the system of its grammatical categories in ME.
8. Personal pronouns in ME. Establishing of the separate class of possessive pronouns. Changes within the class of demonstrative pronouns. Rise of the system of articles.
9. The Verb. Rearrangement of classes in ME.
10. Development of non-finite forms of verbs.
Recommended Literature
Obligatory:
1. Verba L. History of the English Language.- , 2004.
Pp.111-117; 118-122; 125-128; 130-141.
2. . . . .
-., 1985.
TheoryTexts for analysisAssignmentsExercises
1. 10, p.70-77 Text12 (p.73) 1 (p.73) 1-3, 5-7 (p.77)
2-12 (p.74)
16 (p.76)
2. 11, p.78-86 Text13 (p.80) 12 (p.83) 1-4 (p.85-86)
Text14 (p.83) 14-16, 18-20 (p.84)
3. 12, p.86-93 Texts 16-21 1, 8 (p.88) 3 (p.92)
10, 16 (p.89)
26 (p.90)
29 (p.91)
4. 13, p.93-98 Text23 (p.97) 17 (p.97)
26, 27 (p.98)
3. B. Ilyish. History of the English Language.-M., 1973.
Pp.142-144; 160-166; 167-169; 174-180; 180-187; 189-206.
4. Lectures on the material.
Additional Literature:
1. G. I. Stoudenets. History of the English Language in Tables.
-K., 1998.
Tables 65-81.
2. T. A. Rastorguyeva. History of English.-M., 1983.
Pp.154-160; 184-188; 190-200(only changes referring
to ME); 222-254 (only material on ME); 260-262;
262-264 (only material on ME); 267-276 (only material on ME).
Questions for self-testing:
1. What dialects can be distinguished in ME and how did they differ from OE dialects?
2. Compare OE and ME vowel systems. Which of the sounds disappeared? What new monophthongs and diphthongs appeared?
3. What happened to unstressed vowels and syllables in ME? How did it influence Mod. E.?
4. Speak of the changes which affected the OE sounds , y, æ, æ, å, ā in ME.
5. What changes took place within the system of consonants in ME?
6. How can you explain the discrepancy between the pronunciation and spelling in ME? How did it influence Mod. E.?
7. What happened to the categories of gender in ME?
8. What changes affected cases of nouns in ME and what was the reason for these changes?
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9. How did the category of number change in ME?
10. What changes characterize adjectives in ME?
11. What changes affected different classes of pronouns in ME?
12. How can you explain the appearance of the article system?
13. What changes within the verb conjugation can you name?
14. What factor promoted the rearrangement of classes of strong and weak verbs in
ME?
15. What analytical forms developed in ME? How did it influence the grammatical
structure of English?
Seminar 3
Phonetic and Morphological Peculiarities of the Language of Early New English (ENE) period
The Outline of Seminar 3
1. The English Phonology. The Great Vowel Shift. Its reasons.
2. Changes of unstressed vowels in ENE.
3. Changes within the system of stressed vowels:
a) changes of short vowels in ENE;
b) formation of new vowels in ENE;
c) emerging of new diphthongs and triphthongs.
4. Changes within the system of consonants:
a) vocalization of consonants;
b) growth of new sibilants and affricates;
c) loss of consonants;
d) simplification of consonant clusters.
5. Historical foundation of Modern English spelling.
6. Early New English Grammar:
a) the Noun in ENE;
b) the Pronoun in ENE;
c) the Adjective in ENE;
d) the Verb in ENE (standard and non-standard versus strong and weak; modal verbs; further development of analytical forms: perfect, continuous, passive, analytical subjunctive and forms with auxiliary do).
Recommended Literature
Obligatory:
1. Verba L. History of the English Language.- , 2004.
Pp.152-188, 244-249. Text Romeo and Juliet.
3. . . . .
-., 1985.
TheoryTexts for analysisAssignmentsExercises
1. 14, p.100-104 Text24 (p.100) 1,6,7,9 (p.101)
19, 20 (p.102)
2. 15, p.105-113 Text26 (p.106) 1-4 (p.107)
16 (p.108)
20 (p.109)
22 (p.110)
3. 16, 17 p.113-123 TextRomeo and Juliet (Pay special attention to the
italicized words and phrases)
3. B. Ilyish. History of the English Language.-M., 1973.
Pp.254-272; 273-277.
4. Lectures on the material.
Additional Literature:
1. G. I. Stoudenets. History of the English Language in Tables.
-K., 1998.
Tables 85-95; 97-101,103.
Questions for self-testing:
1. Whats the essence of Great Vowel Shift (GVS)? What approaches to its reasons do you know?
2. What are the exceptions to the GVS?
3. How did unstressed vowels develop in ENE?
4. Enumerate the changes which took place within the system of consonants?
5. What new long vowels appeared in ENE?
6. What new short vowels appeared in ENE?
7. How can you explain so great a discrepancy between sounding and spelling of words in Mod. E.?
8. What changes occurred within the system of the Noun in ENE?
9. What changes can you name within the system of the Pronoun in ENE?
10. What were the changes within the system of the Adjective in ENE?
11. How did the system of the Verb change in ENE?
IX.
Examination Questions
1. English as a Germanic Language, its place among other languages of the world.
2. Principal Features of Germanic Languages.
3. Word Stress in Indo-European and Common Germanic and its influence upon the morphological system of English.
4. Verners Law: Rhotacism.
5. Grimms Law.
6. Common Germanic Vowel Shift. Common Germanic Fracture.
7. Periods in the History of English.
8. The structure of the Word in OE, its previous and subsequent stages.
9. Development of Vowels in OE.
10. Assimilative Processes in OE vocalism and their traces in Mod E.
11. The Old English Vowel system. Phonological Processes in OE and their traces in Mod. English (OE Breaking, Velar Umlaut, I Umlaut, Palatal Diphthongization).
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12. The Origin and Status of short diphthongs in OE.
13. OE system of vowels.
14. Lengthening of Vowels in OE.
15. OE Vowels. Development of Vowels in Unstressed Syllables in Old English.
16. The Old English Consonant System.
17. Development of Consonants in OE.
18. The Old English Vowel System.
19. Nominal Grammatical Categories in OE and their Historical Development.
20. Grammatical categories of the Noun in OE.
21. The Declension of the Noun in OE. Types of Stems.
22. The Categories of the OE Adjective and their further development.
23. The Adjective in OE.
24. The Pronoun in OE.
25. Strong, Weak, Preterite-Present and Anomalous Verbs in Old English.
26. Verbal Grammatical Categories in OE.
27. Strong Verbs in OE.
28. Weak Verbs in OE.
29. Preterite-Present Verbs in OE and their further development.
30. The Non-Finite forms of the verb in OE.
31. The Morphological Classification of the OE Verbs.
32. The Non-Finite forms of the verb in OE and their further development.
33. Principal Features of OE Syntax.
34. OE Vocabulary.
35. The Peculiarities of the Complex Sentence. Structure in OE and its historical development.
36. The Structure of the Simple sentence in OE.
37. Principal Features of OE vocabulary.
38. The Word formation in OE.
39. Changes within the Consonant System in ME.
40. ME Vowels: Qualitative changes.
41. Reduction of Vowels in Final Unstressed Syllables in ME.
42. ME Vowels: Quantitative changes.
43. Changes within the System of Vowels in ME.
44. Sources of New ME diphthongs.
45. Formation of New Diphthongs in ME.
46. Changes within the Noun System in ME.
47. Changes within the Adjective System in ME.
48. Changes within the Pronoun System in ME.
49. Rise of the Article System in ME.
50. Changes within the System of Strong and Weak Verb in ME.
51. Categories of the Verb in ME.
52. Development of Future and Passive in English.
53. Development of Continuous Aspect in English.
54. Development of Perfect Forms in English.
55. Middle English Dialects.
56. The Linguistic Consequences of the Normal Conquest.
57. The Linguistic Consequences of the Scandinavian Invasion.
58. ME Dialects. Development of the Monophthongs , ā, å, ǽ in Different Dialects.
59. General Characteristics of Middle English Grammar.
60. Scandinavian Borrowings in ME.
61. French Borrowings in ME.
62. The development of the Complex sentence structure in ME and NE.
63. Vocabulary in Middle English.
64. Changes in Orthography in ME.
65. Formation of the National literary English language.
66. The Great Vowel Shift.
67. Formation of New Long Vowels in Mod E.
68. Formation of Sibilants and Affricates in Mod E. Voicing of voiceless fricatives in Mod E.
69. Formation of New diphthongs and diphthongs in Mod. E.
70. Formation of New Short Vowels in Mod E.
71. Changes within the Consonant System in Early New English.
72. Simplification of Consonant Clusters in Mod E.
73. Changes within the Verb System in Mod E.
74. Development of Vocabulary in Mod E.
75. Latin Borrowings throughout the Development of the English Language.
76. Historical Development of Analytical Forms of the verb in English.
77. Development of Vowels in Unstressed Syllables in OE, ME, Early New English.
78. Development of Non-Finite Forms of the verb in the English language.
79. Latin Development of Vocabulary in Mod.E
80. The Unstressed Vocalism and its Role in the Morphological Structure of the English language.
