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Read the text. Match headings with paragraphs, one heading is odd. Put verbs into past simple tense.




__ In 55 BC the great Roman Julius Caesar_____ (bring) an army across the sea from France. For four hundred years, England____ (to be) part of the Roman Empire. When the Romans first ____ (arrive), there____ (to be) many different groups of people on the Isles. Each group_____ (have) its own king. They_______ (not think) of themselves as British, but the Romans_____(call) the people from all these groups 'Britons'.

__ In 409 AD the Roman army _____(leave) Britain to fight in other parts of the Empire. Soon after this, invaders from present-day Germany and Denmark, the Angles and Saxons, ____(come) to Britain. Their armies _____ (destroy) everything in their path, and the roman way of life _____ (disappear) from Britain. Many Britons______ (move) west to escape the invaders. By the 7th century, groups of Britons____(to be) in control of present-day Scotland, Wales and Cornwall, but the Angles and Saxons_____ (rule) the rest of Britain. People______ (start) call this area Angle-land. Later its name___ (become) England.

__ It ___ (to be) 1066, and Edward, King of England, was dead. He___(have)no children. The most important people in the country___ (meet) to choose a new king. They____ (choose) Harold who____(not, to be) a blood relative of King Edward, but he___(to be) the Queens brother. He___ (to be) a popular man for the job.

__ But other powerful men___ (want) to be king too. One of them was the King of Norway, Harold Hardrada, a few months after King Edwards death his army ____ (invade) the north of England. King Harold of England___ (go) north,____ (defeat) the invaders and killed King Harold of Norway. But three days later, there was more bad news.

__ William of Normandy (in the north of France) was on the south coast of England with an army. "Before King Edward____ (die), he___ (choose) me as the next king," he said. Perhaps this was true. Edwards mother was a Norman and Edward ____ (live) in Normandy as a child. He _____ (prefer) Normans to the people of England. So Harold _____ (race) south with his army. William was waiting for him at Hastings. At the end of the battle, Harold was dead and William of Normandy was William the Conqueror, King of England.
__ William the Conqueror had to fight other Saxon armies in England after Harold was defeated. But then he___ (to be) able to build a new, Norman England. By 1068, he ___ (own) all the land. He ___(ask) his Norman friends to look after it for him. They____(make) money from the farmland and____ (pay) some of it to the king. They also___(use) the money to pay for Norman soldiers. Each Norman lord____(build) a home with strong, high walls and_____(live) there with his private army. The Saxons ____(own) nothing. They____ (belong) to the Norman lords.

__ For more than two hundred years the language of government and literature ____(to be) the Normans language, French. The Saxons____(continue) to speak their own language, Anglo-Saxon, with some Scandinavian words. The Saxons' language finally____(grow) into modern English, but as a result of the Norman invasion, half the words in todays English language come from French.


1. A new name

2. Victory over another rival

3. The long arms of the empire

4. Powerful masters

5. Strong ties

6. Survived and enriched

7. Triumphant winner

8. The right candidate


 

 






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