.


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.




.

.

F1 F2 .

, 2*105 .

 

 

. 1.1

 

1.1

d, d1, z, F1, F2,
            40

 

 

.

, .

.

.

 

S= , (1.1)

 

S ; σ , ; σmax , .

σmax

 

σmax = , (1.2.)

 

F1 ( 1.1), ; Amin , 2.

 

Amin = , (1.3)

 

d , .

(1.3),

 

Amin = =314 2

Amin (1.2),

 

σmin

 

σ min= , (1.4)

 

F2 , .

(1.4)

 

 

(. 1.2)

 

. 1.2

. 1.2 , σ , , . [1, .33].

 

= < , (1.5)

, ; , ; R ; .

R = = = -0,8

[1, .30]

= 0 (1.6)

0 , ; , , [1, .20]

= (1.7)

40 , = 670 , =500 [1, .74], [1, .77]

= 0,4 = 268 (1.8)

, , [1, .21]

= , (1.9)

; , ; , ; , ; , .

, , , =1 [1, .29]. , , = 1.

[1,.22]

= 1+q(, (1.10)

q ; .

[1, .78]. , = = 1,25 = = 0,1 = 1,70.

= = 0,762 q=0,9 [1, .84]

(1.10),

= 1+1 (1,7-1) = 1,70

d=20 =0,930 [1, .85], = 670 R = 20 =0,870 [1, .85].

(1.9)

= =1,98

(1.7)

= =135

0 [1, .30]

0= , (1.11)

, ; N ; m .

=2 106 [1, .30].

, =5+ , m [1, .30]

m= = =6,75 (1.12)

(1.11)

0= = 1,41

(1.6),

=135 1,41=190

[1, .31]

= , (1.13)

, [1, .31]

= 0,02+2 10-4 = 0,02+2 10-4 670 = 0,154 (1.14)

(1.13)

= =0,0778

.

(1.5)

= =209

=209 =500 , = =209 .

S [S] (1.15)

S (1.1), = ,

S= =2,19

, , , [S] 2,00 [1, .87].

, S=2,19 [S]=2,00. 45 , 2 105 , .





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