- . (2) (3). , , , . 1 1,5 /2 (T max).
, . , .
, , , , , .
() (F). , . . 3 , : , , :
(F) = (F) + l (F) + (F) = + kF + bk / F,
+ l |
F * |
F |
. 3. |
- ; k bk - .
, , (R):
r0 - , /; l - , ; F - , 2.
(F) (. 3), F *.
, . (Δ ) (3) , . . (I max), I max. , . . 4, ( ). . F 1 < F 2 < F 3. I 1 F 1, I 1 I 2 - F 2 , , I 3 - F 3.
|
|
F 1 F 2 F 3 |
I 1 |
I 2 |
I 3 |
. 4. |
.
1. (I 5):
(6)
S m - , ; U - , .
2. I :
I p = I 5a i aT, (7)
a i - , ; aT - , ( m) (k max).
a i , , 110 220 , 1,05. aT . 3.
3
aT
, | k | max, | ||
4000 | 40006000 | 6000 | ||
35330 | 1,0 0,8 0,6 | 0,8 0,9 1,1 | 1,0 1,2 1,5 | 1,3 1,6 2,2 |
500750 | 1,0 0,8 0,6 | 0,7 0,8 0,9 | 0,9 1,0 1,4 | 1,1 1,4 1,9 |
3. . 1.91.11 (. 1) [13, . 7.8] , , (7), , .
, , , .
4. . , . (. 1, . 1.11).
, , , . :
;
;
;
.
. , 35 , . . .
|
|
[13; 20; 21] . 1 .
3
, (), 1, 2, 3 4 ( ) (. 5, ). - , - III. T max1 = 5200 , T max2 = 4920 , T max3 = 5600 , k max = 0,8. 1- 2- k 1,2 = 0,94. (. 5, ).
4 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
70 + j 45 |
35 + j 16 |
50 + j 28 |
) |
1' |
50 + j 28 |
35 + j 16 |
) |
. 5. 220/110 : ) ; ) 110 |
. 1 ( ) , . .
1 = 1 + 2 + 3 = 155 , Q 1 = 89 .
1, (1),
(. 1) 110 220 . U = 110 . -500/27 I = 960 . U = 220 . I 1 = 469,07 . .
1 2 (1) U 1 2 = 113,7 U 1 2 = 147,32 .
1 3 U 1 3 = 100,06 U 1 3 = 132,32 .
, , 2 3 U 2 3 = 83,73 U 2 3 = 109,54 .
, 1 2, 1 3 2 3 U = 110 .
110 1 2 3 (. 5, ). , :
S 2 = S 1 - S 2 = 36,19+ j 19,24 - (50 + j 28) = -13,81 - j 8,76 ;
S 3 = -(S 2 - S 3) = 48,81 + j 24,76 ; S 4 = S 1 + S 2 + S 3 = 155 + j 89 .
:
i = 13.
( max) :
max1 2 = T max2 3 = 4920 ;
a i = 1,05 aT = 1,20 . I p = a i aT, [13, . 15] (. 1,. 1.10):
(I ) (4) (I ) . 1.11 (. 1):
,
, , .
.
:
S 1 ³ 0,5 S max = 0,5 × 83,21 ³ 41,6;
|
|
S 2 ³ 28,65 ; S 3 ³ 19,24 ; S ³ 89,37 .
1- 2- k 1,2 = 0,94:
; S 2 ³ 38,47 ;
S 3 ³ 25,84 ; S ³ 120,0 .
, :
. 1 (. 1, . 1.28) -63000/220/110 6´2,0 %;
. 2 3 (. 1, . 1.25) -40000/110 9´1,78 %;
(. 1, . 1.29) -167000/500/220 6´2,5 %.
- . , .
, (2), () (). , , . (2)
= + , (8)
= 0,12 , ( 8 ).
() () (/):
= + /. (9)
i - ( i)
i = 0 i li si ki, (10)
0 i 1 [1; 7; 8], ./; li , ; si ; ki , [1; 7; 8].
n .
(/) () (). , :
/ = + . (11)
, . . .
() (), (), (D) (), , . .
= + + D + . (12)
() () ( ) :
= ( /100); = ( /100),
(. 1, . 1.36).
. - .
|
|
(D) ( )
(13)
n ; i, Qi - () () i - ; U i - , ; t i i - ; [7; 8].
(t)
t = (0,124 + max104)28760. (14)
, 3- . () , () () :
= + .
.
= maxa k ,
max ; a [7; 8]; k , (w i) [7, . 8.4].
f ( i i- [7, . 8.5]).
4
- . , , 220 110 , 220 . , III, 7,5 /2. 1- 2- k 1,2 = 0,94. = 0,012 ./( × ) ( 1984 ., 0,35 ./( × )).
. - , , U = 220 . , 3, -240/32 :
. 1 (. 1, . 1.27) -63000/220 8´1,5 %;
. 2 3 (. 1, . 1.27) -40000/220 8´1,5 %;
(. 1, . 1.29) -167000/500/220 6´2,5 %.
, (10), (. 1, . 1.57, 1.59):
1:
1 (-185/29) 1(1) = 13,8 × 30 × 1 × 1,1 = 455,4 . .;
2 (-120/19) 2(1) = 13,1 × 15 × 1 × 1,1 = 216,15 . .;
3 (-240/32) 3(1) = 15,1 × 18 × 1 × 1,1 = 298,98 . .;
4 (-240/32) 4(1) = 17,3 × 48 × 2 × 1,1 = 1826,88 . .;
2:
1 (-240/32) 1(2) = 17,3 × 30 × 1 × 1,1 = 570,9 . .;
2 (-240/32) 2(2) = 17,3 × 15 × 1 × 1,1 = 285,45 . .;
3 (-240/32) 3(2) = 17,3 × 18 × 1 × 1,1 = 342,54 . .;
4 (-240/32) 4(2) = 17,3 × 48 × 2 × 1,1 = 1826,88 . .
1 1 = 2797,41 . . 1984 . ( 2005 . 1 = 81,125 .), 2 2 =3025,77 . . (87,747 .).
() (). (. 1, . 1.38):
1:
1 1(1) = 130 . .;
2 3 2(1) = 3(1) = 35 . .;
(1) = 280 . .;
2:
1 1(2) = 130 . .;
2 3 2(2) = 3(2) = 90 . .;
(2) = 280 . .
(. 1, . 1.42, 1.44):
1:
1 (2×-63000/220/110) 1(1) = 2 × 201,0 = 402,0 . .;
2 3 (2×-40000/110) 2(1) = 3(1) = 2 × 109 = 218,0 . .;
(2×-167000/500/220) (1) = 2 × 609 = 1218 . .
|
|
2:
1 (2×-63000/220) 1(2) = 2 × 193,0 = 386,0 . .;
2 3 (2×-40000/220) 2(2) = 3(2) = 2 × 169 = 338,0 . .;
(2×-167000/500/220) (2) = 2 × 609 = 1218 . .
1 1 = 2536 . . ( 2005 . 73,544 .), 2 2 = 2870 . . (83,23 .).
:
1: 1 = 1 + 1 = 2797,41 + 2536,0 = 5333,41 . .;
2: 2 = 2 + 2 = 3025,77 + 2870,0 = 5895,77 . .
. 4. .
, , . ( . 1, . 1.36):
1:
.1 = (2,4/100)1 = 128 . . .1 = (0,4/100)1 = 21,33 . .;
2:
.2 = (2,4/100)2 = 141,5 . . .2 = (0,4/100)2 = 23,58 . .
4
, | , , . . | / | , . . | . , . . | |||||
, | , | , , | |||||||
455,4 | |||||||||
216,15 | |||||||||
298,98 | |||||||||
, | 1826,88 | ||||||||
2797,41 | 5333,41 | ||||||||
570,9 | |||||||||
285,45 | |||||||||
342,54 | |||||||||
, | 1826,88 | ||||||||
3025,77 | 5895,77 |
, ( R), (t) (t/).
R = r 0 l (r 0 , / (. 1, . 1.6, 1.7), l , ), (. 1, . 1.261.28). 1 2 R :
(t) (t/) max ( , ) (18). (13). max, t , I (1) I (2) I /(1) I /(2), Δ(1) Δ(2) /Δ(1) /Δ(2) = 0,012 ./( × ) :
Δ(1) = . .; | Δ(2) = . .; |
/Δ(1) = . .; | /Δ(2) = . . |
, (Δ) 1 R (1) = R (1) = 1,4 . Δ(1) = 20,143 . . Δ(1) = 5,285 . . Δ =25,428 . .
(8) :
(1) = 0,12 × 5333,41 + 128 + 21,33 + 138,587 + 20,512 + 25,428 = 973,867 . .;
(2) = 0,12 × 5895,77 + 141,5 + 23,58 + 95,23 + 23,95 = 991,752 . .
, (. 5).
- , , 1,8 %. 562,36 . . ( 2005 . 16,31 .) ό .
5
-
. , U , | , . . | , . . | , , . . | |||||||
, | . . | Δ | /Δ | Δ | ||||||
/ | ||||||||||
220/110 | 5333,41 | 2797,41 | 2536,0 | 21,33 | 138,587 | 20,512 | 25,428 | 973,867 | ||
5895,77 | 3035,77 | 2870,0 | 141,5 | 23,58 | 95,23 | 23,95 | 991,752 |