1. 1 = 4,59 .
2. n 1 = 950 1.
3. II n 2 = 629,14 1.
4. u = 1,51.
9.2 (. 9.2) T 2 = 65,86 × (), = 138 2 (b p = 14 ; h = 10,5 ).
9.2
( 1284.189)
, | , 2 | L, | D min = = d p, | 2, × | |||
b p | h | b 0 | |||||
Z (0) () () () () () | 8,5 11,0 14,0 19,0 27,0 32,0 42,0 | 10,5 13,5 23,5 30,0 | 4002500 5604000 10006300 180010600 315015000 450018000 630014000 | 25 1170 40190 110550 4502000 11004500 2200 |
1. : 400; 425; 450; 475; 500; 530; 560; 600; 630; 670; 710; 750; 800; 850; 900; 950; 1000; 1060; 1120; 1180; 1250; 1320; 1400; 1500; 1600; 1700; 1800; 1900; 2000; 2120; 2240; 2360; 2500; 2650; 2800; 3000; 3150; 3350; 3550; 3750; 4000; 4250; 4500; 4750; 5000; 5300; 5600; 6000; 6300; 6700; 7100; 7500; 8000; 8400; 9000; 9500; 10000; 10600; 11200; 11800; 12500; 13200; 14000; 15000; 16000; 17000; 18000 .
2. : 50; 56; 63; 71; 80; 90; 100; 112; 125; 140; 160; 180; 200; 224; 250; 280; 315; 355; 400; 450; 500; 560; 630; 710; 800; 900; 1000; 1120; 1250; 1400; 1600; 1800; 2000 .
3. 1284.180.
9.3 j = 36 .
. 9.2.
D min (. 9.2). , , dp > D min. dp = D 1 = 180 .
()
D 2 = D 1 × u = 180 × 1,51 = 271,8 .
D 2 = 280 .
9.3
, , 2088988
(. . 9.2)
l | b | h, | e | f | r | j = 34 | j = 36 | j = 38 | j = 40 | d | X | |||||
d | b 1 | d | b 1 | d | b 1 | d | b 1 | |||||||||
Z (0) A (0) B () C (B) () () () | 8,5 11,0 14,0 19,0 27,0 32,0 42,0 | 2,5 3,3 4,2 5,7 8,1 9,6 12,5 | 7,0 8,7 10,8 14,3 19,9 23,4 30,5 | 12,0 15,0 19,0 25,5 37,0 44,5 58,0 | 8,0 10,0 12,5 17,0 24,0 29,0 38,0 | 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,0 2,5 | 6371 90112 125160 | 13,1 17,0 | 80100 125160 160224 20015 315450 500560 | 10,1 13,3 17,2 22,9 32,5 38,5 | 112160 180400 250500 355630 500900 6501120 8001400 | 10,2 13,4 17,4 23,1 32,8 38,9 50,6 | 10,3 13,5 17,6 23,3 33,2 39,3 51,1 | 9-0,03 11,6-0,035 14,7-0,035 20-0,045 28,5-0,045 33,8-0,035 44,5-0,05 | 6,0 7,6 9,6 13,1 18,8 22,3 29,6 |
|
|
1. b, b 1 l .
2. R = 2,5 .
3. j: 1 Z, A, B; 30¢ C, , , .
4. .
ε = 0,01:
. Δ u £ 4 %.
( , , ).
0,7 × (D 1 + D 2) £ £ 2 × (D 1 + D 2);
0,7 × (180 + 280) £ £ 2 × (180 + 280);
322 £ £ 920.
= 600 .
. 9.2 L p = 1900 .
:
= 0,25 × (1177,43 + 1168,91) = 586,585 .
min = 0,015 L p = 586,585 0,015 × 1900 = 558,085 .
max = + 0,03 × L p = 586,585 + 0,03 × 1900 = 643,585 .
α ³ 120˚ .
n £ 10 1 .
K 0 . 9.4 ( n = 5 c1 s0 =
= 1,5 , n = 510 c1 s0 = 1,2 , n > 10 c1 s0 = 0,9 ); K 0 = 2,05 .
9.4
K 0 [9]
K 0, | ||||
s0 = 0,9 | s0 = 1,2 | s0 = 1,5 | ||
Z (0) | 1,18 | 1,45 | 1,62 | |
1,28 | 1,57 | 1,74 | ||
90 | 1,65 | 1,86 | ||
A (A) | 1,23 | 1,51 | 1,67 | |
1,31 | 1,61 | 1,80 | ||
125 | 1,70 | 1,91 | ||
() | 1,23 | 1,51 | 1,67 | |
1,36 | 1,67 | 1,88 | ||
180 | 1,74 | 2,05 | ||
() | 1,23 | 1,51 | 1,67 | |
1,38 | 1,69 | 1,89 | ||
1,84 | 2,07 | |||
280 | 1,91 | 2,24 | ||
() | 1,23 | 1,51 | 1,67 | |
1,40 | 1,72 | 1,93 | ||
1,91 | 2,16 | |||
450 | 1,92 | 2,24 | ||
() | 1,23 | 1,51 | 1,67 | |
1,40 | 1,72 | 1,93 | ||
630 | 1,92 | 2,24 | ||
() | 1,23 | 1,51 | 1,67 | |
1,73 | 1,95 | |||
1000 | 1,92 | 2,24 |
|
|
K = K 0 × 1 × 2 × 3,
1, 2, 3 :
1 (. 9.5);
2 (. 9.6);
3 (. 9.7).
K = 2,05 × 0,98 × 1,04 × 1,0 = 2,089 .
9.5
1
a, | 1 | a, | 1 | ||
0,52 | 0,85 | 0,87 | |||
0,62 | 0,88 | 0,90 | |||
0,68 | 0,91 | 0,93 | |||
0,74 | 0,94 | 0,96 | |||
0,79 | 0,79 | 0,97 | 0,98 | ||
0,82 | 0,83 | 1,0 | 1,0 |
9.6
2
2 | u, / | ||||||||||
1,04 | 1,03 | 1,00 | 0,95 | 0,88 | 0,79 | 0,68 | |||||
1,05 | 1,04 | 1,00 | 0,94 | 0,85 | 0,74 | 0,60 |
9.6
3
3 | ||
. 120 % | , , , , , , | 1,0 |
. 150 % | . . --. | 0,9 |
. 200 % | . , . | 0,8 |
z = 2.
, :
Fn = 2s0 × A × Z × sin (a / 2) =
= 2 × 1,5 × 138 × 2 × sin (17016¢57² / 2) = 825,023 H.
Fn .
s N ( s N = 9 );
k 1 , u ( u =
= 1; 1,26; 1,41; 2; 4 k 1 = 1; 1,3; 1,4; 1,7; 1,9 );
k 2 , ( k 2 = 1; k 2 = 1,8).
smax ;
smax = s0 + s t / 2 + s + s,
s0 (. );
s t / 2 = Ft / 2 A ;
s = E × d / D min (d = h ; E : = 80 140 ; D min ;
s = r × u2 × 106 (r = 12501500 /3 ; r = 6001200 /3 );
m ( m 8).
= 1,5 + 1,858 + 4,7 +0,096 = 8,156 ;
Lh = 1000 5000 .
.
M = (Zn 1) e + 2 f = (2 1) 19 + 2 12,5 = 44 .
dei = Di + 2 b.