38 0522781.
. 8.2
:
= 1 × ,
, , , . = 1,51,9. .
= 7,298 × 1,7 = 12,4 .
. 8.2 m = 7 .
(m = 1; 1,5; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0; 5,0; 7,0; 10,0 ).
8.2:
z 1 = 22.
8.2
m, | ~ n 1, 1 | z 1 |
1,0 | ||
1,5 2,0 | ||
3,0 | ||
4,0 5,0 | ||
7,0 10,0 |
z 2 = z 1 × u = 22 × 2,296 = 50,512.
z 2 = 50 :
D u £ 3 % .
, :
, :
;
, , , :
1 £ m £ 5
min = 0,5 × (d 1 + d 2) + 2 m;
m = 7 m = 10
min = 0,5 × (d 1 + d 2) + 3 m = 0,5 × (154 + 350) + 3 × 7 = 273 ;
max = 2 × (d 1 + d 2) = 2 × (154 + 350) = 1008 .
= 800 .
z 0 ³ 6 .
, :
Ft y = [ F ]0 × Cu × Cz × C ,
[ F ]0 , 1 ; . 8.3;
Cu , ( );
z , , ; z 0 6 Cz = 1,
z 0 < 6 Cz = 1 0,2 × (6 z 0);
, ; = 0,9,
= 0,8; = 0,7.
Ft y = 32 × 1 × 1 × 1 = 32 H/.
8.3
m, | 1,0 | 1,5 | 2,0 | 3,0 | 4,0 | 5,0 | 7,0 | 10,0 |
[ F ]0, / | 2,5 | 3,5 | 5,0 | 9,0 |
|
|
q 1 1 , 8.4.
8.4
m, | 1,0 | 1,5 | 2,0 | 3,0 | 4,0 | 5,0 | 7,0 | 10,0 |
q × 103, /(×) | 2,0 | 2,5 | 3,0 | 4,0 | 6,0 | 7,0 | 8,0 | 11,0 |
b (. 8.5):
8.5
b / | 8 | . 8 16 . | . 16 25 | 25 | . 25 40 . | . 40 65 . | .65 100 . | . 100 |
C | 0,70 | 0,85 | 0,95 | 1,00 | 1,05 | 1,10 | 1,15 | 1,20 |
( ) . 8.6. b = 63 .
b £ d 1.
63 < 154 .
(. 8.3)
B = b + m = 63 + 7 = 70 .
. 8.3. -
8.6
, | , | |||||||
1,0 | 1,5 | 2,0 | 3,0 | 4,0 | 5,0 | 7,0 | 10,0 | |
3,0 | ||||||||
4,0 | ||||||||
5,0 | ||||||||
8,0 | ||||||||
10,0 | ||||||||
12,5 | ||||||||
16,0 | ||||||||
20,0 | ||||||||
25,0 | ||||||||
32,0 | ||||||||
40,0 | ||||||||
50,0 | ||||||||
63,0 | ||||||||
80,0 | ||||||||
100,0 | ||||||||
125,0 | ||||||||
160,0 | ||||||||
200,0 |
:
da 1 = d 1 2d + K 1;
da 2 = d 2 2d K 2,
d 380511476:
m = 1,0; 1,5; 2 d = 0,4 ;
m = 3,0 4,0 d = 0,6 ;
m = 5,0; 7,0; 10,0 d = 0,8 ;
K 1 K 2 , , :
l ; . 8.7.
l = 11 × 104 2/;
da 1 = 154 2 × 0,8 + 0,16 = 152,56 ;
da 2 = 350 2 × 0,8 0,367 = 348,033 .
8.7
m, | 1,0 | 1,5 | 2,0 | 3,0 | 4,0 | 5,0 | 7,0 | 10,0 |
l × 104 2/ |
380511476 L p = 2462,88 (. ).
= 417,8 + 412,013 = 829,813 .
, :
q × u 2 = Fu 1 ( u ³ 20 /).
.
1. , , 380511476 (. 8.8 8.9):
L p = z p × p.
|
|
. z p = L p / p z .
8.8
m, | 1,0 | 1,5 | 2,0 | 3,0 | 4,0 | 5,0 | 7,0 | 10,0 | ||||||||||
, | 3,14 | 4,71 | 6,28 | 9,42 | 12,57 | 15,71 | 21,99 | 31,42 | ||||||||||
8.9
m, | z |
1,03,0 | 40; 42; 45; 48;50; 53; 56; 60; 63; 67; 71; 75; 80; 85; 90; 100; 105; 112; 115; 125; 130; 140; 150; 160 |
4,0 | 48; 50; 53; 56; 60; 63; 67; 71; 75; 80; 85; 90; 95; 100; 105; 112; 115; 125; 130; 140; 150; 160; 170; 180; 190; 200; 210; 220; 235; 250 |
5,0 | 48200 |
7,0 | 56140 |
10,0 | 56100 |
2. .
2 Q = (0,60,8) × Ft.
. , , (. 9.1).
. 9.1.
1. Ft = 2,5 .
2. u = 1,65 /c.
3. D = 250 .
4. i = 7,5.
5. , , .
6. Lh = 10 000 .