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38 0522781.

 

 

. 8.2

:

 

= 1 × ,

, , , . = 1,51,9. .

 

= 7,298 × 1,7 = 12,4 .

 

. 8.2 m = 7 .

 

 

(m = 1; 1,5; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0; 5,0; 7,0; 10,0 ).

8.2:

 

z 1 = 22.

 

8.2

 

m, ~ n 1, 1 z 1
1,0    
1,5 2,0    
3,0    
4,0 5,0    
7,0 10,0    

 

z 2 = z 1 × u = 22 × 2,296 = 50,512.

 

z 2 = 50 :

 

 

D u £ 3 % .

 

 

 

 

 

, :

 

 

, :

;

, , , :

1 £ m £ 5

 

min = 0,5 × (d 1 + d 2) + 2 m;

 

m = 7 m = 10

 

min = 0,5 × (d 1 + d 2) + 3 m = 0,5 × (154 + 350) + 3 × 7 = 273 ;

 

max = 2 × (d 1 + d 2) = 2 × (154 + 350) = 1008 .

 

= 800 .

 

 

z 0 ³ 6 .

 

, :

 

Ft y = [ F ]0 × Cu × Cz × C ,

 

[ F ]0 , 1 ; . 8.3;

Cu , ( );

z , , ; z 0 6 Cz = 1,
z 0 < 6 Cz = 1 0,2 × (6 z 0);

, ; = 0,9,
= 0,8; = 0,7.

 

Ft y = 32 × 1 × 1 × 1 = 32 H/.

8.3

 

m, 1,0 1,5 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 7,0 10,0
[ F ]0, / 2,5 3,5 5,0 9,0        

 

 

q 1 1 , 8.4.

 

8.4

 

m, 1,0 1,5 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 7,0 10,0
q × 103, /(×) 2,0 2,5 3,0 4,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 11,0

 

 

b (. 8.5):

 

 

8.5

 

b / 8 . 8 16 . . 16 25 25 . 25 40 . . 40 65 . .65 100 . . 100
C 0,70 0,85 0,95 1,00 1,05 1,10 1,15 1,20

 

( ) . 8.6. b = 63 .

b £ d 1.

 

63 < 154 .

 

(. 8.3)

 

B = b + m = 63 + 7 = 70 .


. 8.3. -

 

8.6

 

, ,
1,0 1,5 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 7,0 10,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
8,0
10,0
12,5
16,0
20,0
25,0
32,0
40,0
50,0
63,0
80,0
100,0
125,0
160,0
200,0

:

 

da 1 = d 1 2d + K 1;

da 2 = d 2 2d K 2,

 

d 380511476:

m = 1,0; 1,5; 2 d = 0,4 ;

m = 3,0 4,0 d = 0,6 ;

m = 5,0; 7,0; 10,0 d = 0,8 ;

K 1 K 2 , , :

 

 

l ; . 8.7.

l = 11 × 104 2/;

 

 

 

da 1 = 154 2 × 0,8 + 0,16 = 152,56 ;

 

da 2 = 350 2 × 0,8 0,367 = 348,033 .

 

8.7

 

m, 1,0 1,5 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 7,0 10,0
l × 104 2/                

 

 

 

380511476 L p = 2462,88 (. ).

 

 

 

= 417,8 + 412,013 = 829,813 .

 

, :

 

 

q × u 2 = Fu 1 ( u ³ 20 /).

 

 

.

1. , , 380511476 (. 8.8 8.9):

 

L p = z p × p.

. z p = L p / p z .

 

8.8

 

m, 1,0 1,5 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 7,0 10,0  
  , 3,14 4,71 6,28 9,42 12,57 15,71 21,99 31,42
                                     

 

8.9

 

m, z
1,03,0 40; 42; 45; 48;50; 53; 56; 60; 63; 67; 71; 75; 80; 85; 90; 100; 105; 112; 115; 125; 130; 140; 150; 160
4,0 48; 50; 53; 56; 60; 63; 67; 71; 75; 80; 85; 90; 95; 100; 105; 112; 115; 125; 130; 140; 150; 160; 170; 180; 190; 200; 210; 220; 235; 250
5,0 48200
7,0 56140
10,0 56100

 

2. .

2 Q = (0,60,8) × Ft.


 

. , , (. 9.1).

 

 

. 9.1.

 

 

1. Ft = 2,5 .

2. u = 1,65 /c.

3. D = 250 .

4. i = 7,5.

5. , , .

6. Lh = 10 000 .






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