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, , . 20 . , , , , ( . ).

. . . 1618 . . (, , 1694, . , 1755) (, , . .). . . . Ē 1765, ( ) . , . , ( ). 18 . . - (. . , . ) . 19 . : (. ), (. , . ), . . (1897), . 20 . , , (. , . , . , . ), , ( , , , ). , , . (1952).

, , , (. ) (. ) . (. , . , . ). , (, . , . . ), (. . , . , . ). , (. ; : . , . , . , . ), (. , . , . ). .

[ ]

, , (. leksis, leksicos , ; logos ). , () . . , - general lexicology, , , , . (special lexicology) , , , . , , , , .

, . . , - . , (. descriptive lexicology). , , (historical lexicology) .

, (contrastive lexicology). , .

, . , . , , , , . . /, hut/ heart , [dl], [ŋ], [Θl], [h] [w]. , , , carian ur, . , , , .

, , arm arms (arms and hands; coat of arms); genius genii, geniuses; open (open the door; the open door). , (We are going there tomorrow We shall go there Gone today, forgotten tomorrow), , We are going there now, . . . , . sculan ( shall), .

, , , . , father dad , , , ( dad, father).

, .

. : - , , , . : - , , , , , , . . . , , . ,

, ; (, 1986). 70 , , , , . , - , , . . . , , , , . . . , . , . .

1. ? . , , , .

2. ? , , , , , , , .

3. ? , .

4. ? , . ; .

5. , (casual free and easy; to begin (smth) to get (smth) under way; etc.). , , . , .

6. ? , . , 70 % .

7. ? ? ? , , .

, . , , [1]. , . , - ; , . , , , . , , , . , . . , , , () (,1987, . 13). . . , 3 : (will work, an egg), (worked, eggs) , . . (work, egg) (,1989, . 32).

, , . , . . , , , , . () () , . , , , .

, , , .

. , haerfest, , autumn . (season for) reaping and gathering in of grain or other products.

knave. cnafa boy, servant (. . Knabe). , unprincipled man, rogue. . layer layered. . , 60- . XX . (layered hair styles introduced by Vidal Sassoon), (the layered look big skirts with tight pants, tiers of fabric, one color on top of theother). , (, ), . : They never fired anyone either. They just put a super-whatever on top. When they put somebody else in below, they call it sandwiching (Safire, 1993, p. 181).

, , . , - .

. , . , mo ( camouflage): a colour combination and pattern resembling the camouflage garments of soldiers and their equipment. mouse. , , , address, behaviour (pleasing address) , .

, - , , ()- . , . box: 1) kinds of small evergreen shrub, esp. one with small leathery leaves, much used in garden borders (L. buxus); 2) receptacle of wood, cardboard, metal, etc. (L. buxum boxwood); 3) slap with hand ( ). , , , .

, , , ,

 

 

[1] . . . . : ... - ... , , , ... (, 1994, . 8). . . , (, 1992)

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. . , ( ), ( ).

19 20 . (. . , . . , . . ), (. . , . . , . . ), .

. . . . . , ( , , , , ). (90‑ . 19 .) , .

, , . , , , , . .

( , , 1917). , , , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . . . (. . . . . , . . , . . -, . , . . , . ). , .

, , , , , (. . , . . , , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . ); (. . , . . , . . , . . , . . ). (), - (), (). ,

, (. . ), (), (. . ). : , , , , . , 7080‑ . , . . (, . . , . . ), , , (. . ), ( .), (, . . ). (. . , . . ). (. . , . . , . . ).

 

 

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- , , , , .

, , ( usual = ).

, , .

, ( ), , , , . , , , .

, , , . , , , , , , , , , , .

, , (, ), . , !, ouch!, , !, wow! .

, .

, -, OK. , ! - . OK , , - OK with you!, , , !.

ʻ : Are you OK? ?, : ?, , ? ?

. , , , .

, , do, have , (, ) , , that wil ldo, that wont do, I can do without you, , , . - , : , : That will do for today. enough , , that wontdo , I can do without you , .

, , , , , , , .

, , , , .

howdoyoudo , , howdoyoudo, , .

, , , - , , , .

, . , , , , , .

 





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