.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





, (1.1)

t , 0C, t = 20 0C;

t , 0C, [1] .

t = -43 0C;

-

, 0C,

[2] = 4 0C;

- , /2 ,

= 8,7 /2

2 /.

,

= , (1.2)

- , 0C, [1]

= - 10,3 0;

z , , [1] z = 246 c

= 0 .

[3, . 3.1] = 7454 0 , = 4,009 2 /.

.

 

= 4,009 > = 1,81 2 /, = 4,009 2 /.

1.1.

 

1.1

 


= , (1.3)

- , ;

- , /0;

- , /0, [2] =0,07;

- , /2 0,
[2] = 23 /2 0

= = 217 220 .

.

k

, (1.4)

/ .

, :

 

= = 5,93 2 /,

= 0,56 2 /.

, , :

/ ;

/ ;

 

 

, (2.1)

- , ;

- , ;

- ,

;

- , , 10

1 2 .

, (2.2)

A , 2;

n , -

[2].

, (2.3)

- ,

, [3];

- ,

= 0;

, (2.4)

 

L , 3/, L = 3 3/ 1 2 ;

, / , = 1000 / ;

- , /3, [3] =1,496 /3.

3/.

2.1.

:

- : 6970 ;

- : 5060 ;

- : 7040

: = (6940 + + 7170) = 115080 .

 

, .

:

1) :

, (3.1)

T1c , 0, T1c = 130 0;

T1 , 0, T1=105 0;

T2 , 0,

T2 = 70 0

 

.

2) :

, (3.2)

 

 

-

, , = 1

.

3) :

, (3.3)

- , /,

, (7.1)

- , ;

- , = 35 ;

- , =4180 / .

= 2831 /

.

3.3 [4] 1 = 15 .

4) :

.

. 3.1.

 





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