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Summary. The psychology of intercultural differences
Now we can see the dramatic consequences of Russias swift entry to the world society. The country with powerful intellectual and cultural potential, rich natural resources takes not a worthy place on the international scene. Besides, being behind the Iron Curtain led Russia to the lack of international contact experience. Brought up in the spirit of collectivism and internationalism, the Russians didnt consider it necessary to study their own national character. The experience of international contacts allows the author to make up this deficiency. The author supposes, that together with economic reasons, leading to differences in the levels of life, it is important to take into account psychological features of the national character. In the book main concepts and methodological bases of study of the national character are considered. Psychological features of Russian and Soviet characters, new Russians are described. Distinctions between Russian, American, and German national characters, as well as the concepts of intercultural interaction are given. The results of the research of intelligence distribution in different social levels of the Russian society, conducted together with the Institute of Philosophy RAS, is presented in the book. The research of intercultural features of decision making style described in this work is the continuation of the book V. V. Kotchetkov, I. G. Skotnikova Individual styles of decision-making. Mil Nauka. 1993. P. 143. In the book the results of the authors research in the area of trade psychology are reflected. Examples of differences of nonverbal communications between the Russians and Germans, reasons causing them; as well as methods of their studies are described. The program of original intercultural social-psychological videotraining The features of nonverbal communications of the Russians and Germans recommended for people carrying out intercultural contacts is given.
The new in the second edition of the book is the addition of Chapter 5 a course of lectures on Psychology of intercultural differences in which the main ideas of the book have been further expanded.
Information theory of ethnos has been used to explain peculiarities of the Russian national character. Culture is viewed as a psychological phenomenon. G Hofstedes psychological dimensions of culture (individualism collectivism masculinity femininity distance of authority, avoidance of uncertainty, simplicity-complexity, openness-closeness) have been used to describe the Russian national character. A new cultural dimension has been introduced: intensive-extensive. A concept of extensive Russian culture has been shaped up. In light of L.N.Gumilevs theory of ethnogenesis the role of landscape, domain and climate in the formation of the Russian character has been investigated. The impact of culture on such cognitive processes as perception, memory, thinking has also been taken into account, as well as expounded the problems and paradoxes of intercultural testing of intellect. The book contains the concept of the cultural shock, description of the cultural distance, U-curve of adaptation and W curve of figurative re- adaptation to alien culture. Four types of interaction of cultures are described: genocide, segregation, assimilation, multiculturalism. The manifestations of the Russian national character in the language and folklore have been viewed as well in the light of V.Gumbolts concept of psycholinguistic determinism. Particular attention is paid to non-verbal intercultural communication: gestures, poses, mimics, space and time trends in interaction. In conclusion the Russian national character is compared with American, German, English, French and Jewish character. Roots of Russian drunkenness are analyzed. The notions of national and social character have been separated and are studied such social characters as the Soviet man and new Russians.
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Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1. Russia in the system of other world cultures
1.1 Differences and similarities of American and Russian cultures
1.2 Features of Roman-German culture
1.3 The process of entry of one culture to another. The concept of cultural shock
1.4 Attempts to predict the future of Russia and the Russian people
Chapter 2. Theoretical basis of psychology of intercultural differences
2.1 Scientific content of national character concept
2.2 Methoods and methodology of national character research
Chapter 3. Russian national character
3.1 Classic Russian national character
3.2 Psychological peculiarities of Soviet man
3.3 Psychological peculiarities of new Russians
3.4 Criminal subculture as an important feature of the Russian and Soviet national character
3.5 National character in the language and folklore Chapter 4. Experimental study of intercultural differences
4.1 Intercultural studies of intelligence
4.2 Intercultural studies of decision-making style
4.3 Intercultural peculiarities of psychology of business
4.4 Intercultural peculiarities of nonverbal communication
Chapter 5. Course of lectures in Psychology of Intercultural Differences
Lecture 1. Introduction into psychology of intercultural differences.
Lecture 2. Shaping up and development of psychology of intercultural differences as a separate science.
Lecture 3. Methods of research of intercultural differences.
Lecture 4. Culture as a psychological phenomenon.
Lecture 5. Psychology of ethnicity.
Lecture 6. Intercultural differences in cognitive processes.
Lecture 7. Psychology on intercultural interaction.
Lecture 8. Verbal intercultural communication.
Lecture 9. Intercultural peculiarities of non-verbal communication.
Lecture 10. Preparation for intercultural communication.
Lecture 11. Psychology intercultural conflicts.
Conclusion Appendix
About author
