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FAQ

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1.
  1/2 a (one) half 1/4 a (one) quarter, a (one) fourth 1/6 one-sixth 2/5 two-fifth 2 6/7 two and six-seventh 0.5 point five 0.05 point nought five 2.53 two point five three 25.4 twenty five point four 5.125 five point one two five
2.     3. : 2% two per cent   . 0 [ou]: 204-75-89 two four seven five eight nine

 

Appendix 2

Pronouns ()

Personal Pronouns

Personal Pronouns. , ??(Who?What?), Objective Pronouns. , .: ? ? ? ? .. Possessive Pronouns. , ( .), ? (Whose?) . ones Absolute Possesive Pronouns. ( ), ? (Whose?) . ones Reflexive Pronouns. (, , , ) . oneself
I me , , my + friend a friend of mine myself
We us , , our friend a friend of ours ourselves
You (. .) , you , , , , your friend a friend of yours yourself (one person) yourselves (many people)
He ( . ) him , , hisfriend a friend of his himself
She ( . ) her , herfriend a friend of hers herself
It , , (. . . .: a book=it, a cat=it) it , , its leaves (the leaves of the tree) , its , itself
They (. . . .: books=they, students=they)   them , , theirfriend a friend of theirs themselves

 

 

Demonstrative Pronouns

 

.
.
 
. this(, , ) this week, this year, this file, this method, this child that (, , ) that week, that year, that file, that method, that child
. these() these weeks, these years, these files, these methods, these children those () those weeks, those years, those files, those methods, those children
  , ,

 

 

Appendix 3

 

:

Active voice.
    Present Indefinite Infinitive usually I (we, you, they) speak. He (she, it) speaks. Do you (I, we, they) speak? Does he (she, it) speak? I (you, we, they) dont speak. He (she, it) doesn't speak. Continuous am, is, are + P. 1 now I am speaking. He (she, it) is speaking. You (we, they) are speaking. Are you (we, they) speaking? I am not speaking. Perfect have, has+P.2(3) already, yet, ever, never, just, for, since, today, this month I (you, we, they) have spoken. Has he (she, it) spoken? I (you, we, they) have not spoken. Perfect continuous have, has been + P.1 since, for, How long? I (you, we, they) have been speaking. Have you (I, we, they) been speaking? He (she, it) hasn't been speaking.
    Past -ed, 2 When? Yesterday, ago, last I spoke. Did you speak? I didn't speak.   Was, were + P. 1 at 2 o'clock yesterday I (he, she, it) was speaking. Were you (we, they) speaking? I (he, she, it) wasn't speaking. Had + P. 2 by 2 o'clock yesterday I had spoken. Had you spoken? I hadn't spoken. Had been + P.1 for 2 hours yesterday I had been speaking. Had you been speaking? I hadn't been speaking.
    Future will + 1 form tomorrow, next day I (we) will speak. You will speak. Will you speak? I will not (won't) speak. will be + P. 1 at 2 o'clock tomorrow I will be speaking. Will you be speaking? I won't be speaking.   will + have, have+P. 2 by 2 o'clock tomorrow I will have spoken. Will he have spoken. He won't have spoken. Will + have, have been + P. 1 for 2 hours tomorrow I will have been speaking. Will he have been speaking. He won't have been speaking.
  Future- in-the Past   I (we, you, they, he, she, it) would speak. Would you speak? I wouldn't speak. I (we, you, they, he, she, it) would be speaking. Would you be speaking? I wouldn't be speaking. I (we, you, they, he, she, it) would have spoken. Would he have spoken? I wouldn't have spoken. I (we, you, they, he, she, it) would have been speaking. Would he have been speaking? I wouldn't have been speaking.
    Passive voice.(To be+P.2[3])  
    Present I am asked. Are you (we, they) asked? He (she, it) isnt asked I am being asked. Are you (we, they) being asked? He (she, it) isn't being asked. I (we, you, they) have been asked. Has he (she, it) been asked? I (we, you, they) haven't been asked.  
  Past I (he, she, it) was asked. Was he (she, it) asked? We (you, they) weren't asked. I (he, she, it) was being asked. Were you (we, they) being asked? He (she, it) wasn't being asked. I (we, you, they, he, she, it) had been asked. Had you been asked? He hadn't been asked.  
    Future I (we, you, they, he, she, it) will be asked. Will you be asked? We won't be asked.   You will have been asked. Will he have been asked? I won't have been asked.  
  Future in-the past     I (we, you, they, he, she, it) would be asked. Would you be asked? I wouldn't be asked.   I would have been asked. Would you have been asked? He wouldn't have been asked.  

 

 

AE - American English, BE British English

 

infinitive ( ) past ( ) past participle ( ) (translation into Russian)  
 
abide abided abided regular verb ...
abide abided, abode abided, abode also irregular " -"
alight alighted, alit alighted, alit ; ; ( ), ; archaic ,
arise arose arisen , ,
awake awakened, awoke, awaked awakened, awoken, awaked formal ;
awaken awakened awakened regular verb formal ()
backbite backbit backbitten ,
backslide backslid backslidden, backslid ;
be (is, are, am) was, were been
bear bore borne passive: born ; formal
beat beat beaten, beat
become became become -/-
befall befell befallen archaic, 3rd person only ,
beget begot; archaic begat begotten dated / formal , ; archaic
begin began begun ()
begird begirt begirt ,
behold beheld beheld archaic ,
bend bent bent (),
bereave bereaved, bereft bereaved, bereft passive formal
beseech besought, beseeched besought, beseeched formal ,
beset beset beset formal passive , ,
bespit bespat bespat dated ,
bestrew bestrewed bestrewn, bestrewed ( ..); dated , -
bestride bestrode bestridden / ; ;
bet bet, betted bet, betted ; -
bid bid bid , ,
bid bade, bid bidden ; archaic ; , ..
bind bound bound , , , ,
bite bit bitten, bit , ; ,
bleed bled bled ,
bless blessed, blest blessed, blest
blow blew blown ( blowed, ) , ,
break broke broken
breed bred bred , , , ...
bring brought brought ; - ...
broadcast broadcast, broadcasted broadcast, broadcasted ;
browbeat browbeat browbeaten, browbeat ,
build built built , ...
burn burnt, burned burnt, burned , , ,
burst burst burst
bust busted, bust busted, bust (); ;
buy bought bought
can could -- : been able ,
cast cast cast ;
catch caught caught
chide chided, chid chid; chided; chidden ,
choose chose chosen
clap clapped, clapt clapped, clapt (, , ),
cleave cleaved, clove, cleft cleaved, cloven, cleft dated formal ; ;
cling clung clung , ,
clothe clothed, clad clothed, clad formal , ; ;
come came come , ,
cost cost cost ,
creep crept crept , ; , ( )
crow crowed, crew crowed ; ,
cut cut cut
dare dared, durst dared, durst ,
deal dealt dealt (, ); ;
dig dug dug ,
dight [dit] dighted, dight dighted, dight , (), (); archaic (), (); ., .
dive dived, AE also dove ( " ") dived , , ,
do did done
draw drew drawn ;
dream dreamed, dreamt [dremt] dreamed, dreamt [dremt] ;
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven ,
dwell dwelled, dwelt dwelled, dwelt formal
eat ate eaten ,
enwind enwound enwound , ,
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed ,
feel felt felt , ,
fight fought fought ,
find found found ;
fit BE fitted, fit AE fit ( " "), fitted ( " ") BE fitted, fit AE fit ( " "), fitted ( " ") ;
flee fled fled , ,
fling flung flung , ;
fly flew flown ,
forbid forbade, forbad forbidden ,
forecast forecast, forecasted forecast, forecasted ,
forget forgot forgotten, forgot
forgive forgave forgiven
forsake forsook forsaken formal , ,
forswear forswore forsworn formal ;
fraught fraught fraught , ( pp)
freeze froze frozen ,
get got AE gotten, got, ( AE got "I have got smth" "" "") , ,
gild gilded, gilt gilded, gilt , ,
gird girded, girt girded, girt , (~ up); ; dated
give gave given
go went gone ,
grave graved graved, graven dated (=engrave); ;
grind ground ground ; , ; ;
grow grew grown ,
hagride hagrode hagridden , ,
hang hung hung , , ( "")
hang hanged, hung hanged, hung regulal verb " "
have had had
hear heard heard
heave heaved, hove heaved, hove () ; ; irregular
hew hewed hewn, hewed , ,
hide hid hidden ()
hit hit hit ();
hold held held , ...
hurt hurt hurt , ,
input input, inputted input, inputted
inset inset inset , ,
keep kept kept , ,
kneel knelt, kneeled knelt, kneeled
knit knitted, knit knitted, knit ; ()
know knew known
lade laded laden, laded , ;
landslide landslid landslid , ;
lay laid laid transitive ; ;
lead led led ( ), ,
lean leaned, leant [lent] leaned, leant [lent] , , , .
leap leaped, leapt leaped, leapt ( ).
learn learned, learnt learned, learnt , .
leave left left , , , ,
lend lent lent ,
let let let
lie lay lain intransitive ,, ; , (ing: lying)
light lit, lighted lit, lighted , ...; ~ on formal , ; , ; ~ off ,
lose lost lost
make made made ;
may might -- ;
mean meant meant ,
meet met met
mow mowed mowed, mown , (),
overcome overcame overcome ,
pay paid paid
plead pleaded, pled pleaded, pled
proofread proofread [prufred] proofread [prufred] ,
prove proved proven, proved ;
put put put
quit quit, quitted quit, quitted ;
read read [red] read [red]
reave reaved, reft reaved, reft archaic , (~ away), ;
reeve reeved, rove reeved, rove //, ( ),
refit refitted, refit refitted, refit , (, ); (.
rend rent rent archaic, formal ,
resent regular verb resented resented regular verb , ,
retrofit retrofitted, retrofit retrofitted, retrofit (, , ).
rewet rewet, BE rewetted rewet, BE rewetted .
rid rid rid () - (~ of)
rive rived riven, rived
run ran run ,
saw sawed sawed, sawn ,
say said said ( )
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set ; ...
sew sewed sewn, sewed , , ...
shake shook shaken ,
shave shaved shaved, shaven ()
shear sheared sheared, shorn , ...
shed shed shed ; , ; ; ...
shine shined, shone shined, shone , (regular verb )
shoe shoed, shod shoed, shod ,
shoot shot shot ;
show showed shown, showed
shrink shrank, shrunk shrunk ; ; ;
shrive shrived, shrove shriven ()
shut shut shut (), ;
sing sang sung
sink sank, sunk sunk ; ;
sit sat sat
slay "" (formal) slew, slayed slain, slayed (formal)
slay "" (informal) regular verb slayed slayed regular verb (informal)
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
sling slung slung , ;
slink slinked, slunk slinked, slunk ; ; ( )
slit slit slit ,
smell smelled, smelt smelled, smelt ;
smite smote smitten, smote ; ;
sneak sneaked, snuck sneaked, snuck , ; - ,
sow sowed sowed, sown ,
speak spoke spoken ,
speed sped, speeded sped, speeded , ;
spell spelled, spelt spelled, spelt / .
spend spent spent
spill spilled, spilt spilled, spilt , ; ;
spin spun, archaic span spun
spit BE spat, AE spit BE spat, AE spit ,
split split split ,
spoil spoiled, spoilt spoiled, spoilt ;
spread spread spread (); ;
spring sprang, sprung sprung ; , ;
stand stood stood
stave staved, stove staved; stove ; ; ~ off
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck , ; ;
sting stung stung ; ; informal
stink stank, stunk stunk
strew strewed strewn, strewed ,
stride strode stridden ,
strike struck struck, stricken ; ; , "" pp stricken
string strung strung ;
strip stripped, stript stripped, stript , ; , ; , ; .
strive strove, strived striven, strived ; ; ; .
sublet sublet sublet
sunburn sunburned, sunburnt sunburned, sunburnt .
swear swore sworn ; ;
sweat sweat, sweated sweat, sweated ; ;
sweep swept swept ,
swell swelled swollen, swelled , , ,
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
take took taken
teach taught taught ,
tear tore torn
tell told told , , ,
think thought thought ; ,
thrive thrived, throve thrived, thriven , ;
throw threw thrown ,
thrust thrust thrust ; , ;
tread trod trodden, trod , ,
troubleshoot troubleshot troubleshot (.);
unclothe unclothed, unclad unclothed, unclad (), ()
undergo underwent undergone ,
vex vexed, vext vexed, vext , ,
wake woke, waked woken, waked ~ up ,
wear wore worn ;
weave wove, weaved woven, weaved
wed wed, wedded wed, wedded / , ()
weep wept wept ,
wet wet, wetted wet, wetted ,, ,
win won won ,
wind wound wound , , ;
wring wrung wrung , , ,
write wrote written
               

 

1. Dooley, J., Evans V. Grammarway / J. Dooley, V. Evans. Newbury: Express Publishing, 2006. 278 p.

2. Lott, H. Real English Grammar / H. Lott. London: Marshall Cavendish Ltd, 2005. 298 p.

3. Swan, M, Walter, C. How English Works / M. Swan, C. Walter. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. 358 p.

4. . : / . ; . . .. . .: : , 2008. 94 .

5. Betty Schrampfer Azar. Basic English Grammar. Longman, 2006. 315 p.

6. .., .. : 1- 2- . .: , 2004. 132 .

7. .., .. The ABC of English Grammar. XXI : . .: . , 2006. 340 .

 

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