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II. VOCABULARY EXERCISES
Task 1. Give Russian equivalents for the following English ones:
In terms of theoretical techniques; one reason is ; on the contrary; in the last few generations; closely related to this factor; hence; in a similar way; at any rate; yet; if this were the case; the former the latter; eventually; aside from; this holds true for ; in fact; it happens that; at other times; as for me/religion; moreover; by ones nature; from the standpoint of; by no means; apart from; next to; in brief; in consequence
Task 2. Find English equivalents for the Russian ones in texts A and B:
A. ; ; - ; ; , ; , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; e ; ; ; ; - , ; , .
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B. ; /; ; ; ; ; /; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; -; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; -; /; ; -; (); ; ; ; , -; ; ; -; -; ; ; ; ().
Task 3. Fill in the blanks with prepositions:
Arranged marriages were very common _____ the world ____ the 18th century. Typically, marriages everywhere were arranged ___ parents, grandparents or other relatives. Some historical exceptions are known, such ___ courtship and betrothal rituals during Renaissance period ___ Italy and Gandharva marriages ___ Vedic period ___ India.
___ China, arranged marriages - sometimes called blind marriages - were the norm ____ the mid 20th century. A marriage was a negotiation and decision _____ parents and other older members ___ two families. The boy and girl, were typically told to get married, ______ a right to consent, even if they had never met each other ______ the wedding day.
Arranged marriages were the norm ___ Russia _____ the early 20th century, most ____ which were endogamous.
____ the first half ___ the 20th century, arranged marriages were common ___ migrant families ____ the United States. They were sometimes called picture-bride marriages _____ Japanese American immigrants because the bride and groom knew each other only _____ the exchange __ photographs _____ the day __ their marriage. These marriages _____ immigrants were typically arranged ___ parents, or relatives ____ the country __ their origin. ___ immigrants settled __ and melted ____ a new culture, arranged marriages shifted first __ quasi-arranged marriages where parents or friends made introductions and the couple met ____ the marriage; ____ time, the marriages ______ the descendants ___ these immigrants shifted ___ autonomous marriages driven ___ individual's choice, dating and courtship preferences, along ____ an increase ___ interracial marriages. Similar ___ historical dynamics are claimed ___ other parts ___ the world.
Arranged marriages have declined ___ prosperous countries ___ social mobility, ascendancy __ individualism and the nuclear family; nevertheless, arranged marriages are still seen __ countries __ Europe and North America, _____ royal families, aristocrats and minority religious groups such ___ ___ placement marriage ____ Fundamentalist Mormon groups ___ the United States. ____ most other parts ___ the world, arranged marriages continue to varying degrees and increasingly ___ quasi-arranged form, along ____ autonomous marriages
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Arranged marriages are traditional ___ South Asian society and continue to account ___ an overwhelming majority ___ marriages ___ the Indian subcontinent. Despite ___ the fact that romantic love is "wholly celebrated" ___ both Indian mass media (such __ Bollywood) and folklore, and the arranged marriage tradition lacks ___ any official legal recognition or support, the institution has proved to be " surprisingly robust " ___ adapting ___ changed social circumstances and has defied predictions ___ decline as India modernized.
Task 4. Find in texts A and B words and word combinations with similar meaning to those given:
A. In ones opinion; worth-while; specific; without doubt; to be apt to stick/cling; ones ability to love; in relation to; other way round; a matchmaker; customary; a set/collection of characteristic; to make easier; innately; previous loneliness; a proof; a dominant idea; a cause for fiasco; to get to know; to continue in a like manner; in no way; apart from doing; to seek after; ultimately; it is valid for; secret desire
B. vague urge; outbreak of activity; to be handy; usual (ordinary) ability; to be destined by fate; on the grounds of; kind attitudes in the family; to socialize; assured belief; to have little proof; to intend to develop; to come out; to apply to smb; to give into smth; trustworthy; to hold in deep respect; to be deprived of; to put smb in his place.
Task 5. Match the words and word combinations of the opposite meaning:
A.
| 1. to buy for cash 2. overt 3. profitable 4. to make difficult 5. boredom 6. preceding generation 7. to diminish the importance 8. obvious failure 9. of a conventional nature 10. to break the marriage 11. limited evidence 12. to deny ones attitude 13. inadequate way to do smth | a. apparent b. to enhance importance c. evident success d. adequate way to do smth e. of an unconventional nature f. to conclude the marriage g. to facilitate h. to uphold ones attitude i. proceeding generation j. overwhelming evidence k. excitement l. to by on installment m. profitless |
B)
| 1. insatiable 2. inscrutable 3. woes 4. conceivably 5. plausible 6. to revere 7. noble 8. an analogue 9. intimately 10. obscure 11. mortality 12. to be devoid of | a. immortality b. definite c. to possess d. formally e. ignoble (dishonorable) f. to disrespect g. apparently untrue h. inconceivably i. happiness j. mysterious k. easily satisfied l. something different |
Task 6. A) Consulting the active vocabulary, translate the following sentences:
1. If the premises were true, then the conclusion would be true.
2. Despite the overwhelming odds, the forces of good would prevail in the world, or everything would be destroyed.
3. Our research disputes a major pillar holding up the long-held assumption that Homo sapiens was more advanced than Neanderthals.
4. While an ethic of justice proceeds from the premise of equality that everyone should be treated the same an ethic of care rests on the premise of non-violence that no one should be hurt. Gilligun Carol
5. But such were the prevailing attitudes, she recalls, that women undergraduates were not resentful about the discrimination.
6. But like the free market ideologues in the 80s who prided themselves on thinking the unthinkable, these intrepid intellectual conformists are merely accepting the conventional wisdom of their time and projecting it into a vision of the future that bears no relation to past or present realities.
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7. We must protect the traditions of tolerance that we have established in this country through centuries of struggle and that means cracking down on those who preach intolerance and abuse free speech to justify terrorism, advocate violence or foster hatred.
8. This is certainly a rare occurrence that happens every 20 to 30 years.
9. There's been much discussion over recent years about how nutritious meals can really boost educational attainment - if we're serious about improving educational outcomes for all children, then let's start by getting the basics right for them.
10. Hackers usually try to expose the establishment's deceptions.
11. The meeting will determine the fate of the factory.
