CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY
Cambridge is one of the two main universities of England located at the Cam River. It was founded at the beginning of the 12th century. The University consists of 24 different colleges including 4 for women. Each college is self-governing. The head of the University is the chancellor who is elected for life.
Each student has a tutor who practically guides him through the whole course of studies. The teachers are commonly called dons and tutors. Part of the teaching is by means of lectures organized by the University. Besides lectures teaching is carried out by tutorial system for which the Cambridge University is famous all over the world. This is a system of individual tuition organized by the colleges.
Each student has a tutor who practically guides him through the whole course of studies. The tutor plans the students work and once a week a student goes to his tutor to discuss his work with him. The training course lasts 4 years. The academic year is divided into 3 terms. The students study natural and technical sciences, law, history, languages, geography and many other subjects.
After three years of study a student may proceed to a Bachelors degree, and later to the degrees of Master and Doctor. Students are required to wear gowns at lectures, in the University library, in the street in the evening, for dinners in the colleges and for official visits. All the students must pay for their education, examinations, books, laboratories, university hostel, the use of libraries, etc. Very few students get grants. The cost of education depends on the college and specialty.
A number of great men, well-known scientists and writers studied at Cambridge. Among them are: Erasmus, the great Dutch scholar, Bacon, the philosopher, Milton and Byron, the poets, Cromwell, the soldier, Newton and Darwin, the scientists.
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I. , - -. .
1. Why is she being looked at now?
2. This building had been built by the end of the last century.
3. When the students complete their control work their mistakes will be corrected by the teacher.
II. , it, that, one.
1. One must observe traffic regulations when crossing the street.
2. The efficiency of the new computer is much higher than that of the old one.
3. It was a very interesting article about the development of the national economy.
III. , to be, to have, to do.
1. He had to read a lot of books to make his report.
2. Have you given them any work?
3. I had no time to go there.
4. The letter will be posted at once.
5. They were to have arrived at seven oclock.
IV. , .
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1. We thought you had accepted their invitation.
2. I learnt he had been rector of our University for about ten years.
3. He said he preferred to spend his days off at home.
V. ; , to let.
1. Let s send her a letter from her brother.
2. Let her send a letter to her brother.
VI. , , , .
1. The results obtained showed that this scientist was right.
2. When showing him my poems I always want to know his opinion.
3. He found the problem too difficult to solve.
4. There is nothing to trouble about.
VII. .
THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
The University of London was created to conduct the examination and to grant degrees upon the students from any institution situated anywhere in the British Empire.
Up until 1900 the University of London was only an examining and degree-awarding body, but in that year an Act of Parliament permitted to provide lecture rooms, museums, laboratories, work shops, etc. for both teaching and research. Today the University of London is a federation of colleges, each largely independent. There are four faculties of Theology, thirteen of Arts, thirty-one of Medicine, ten of Science, etc.
The University of London grants degrees to all who satisfy its examinations, with the exceptions of engineering and medical degrees (for which the study at an approved institution is required). The London external degree has been of great importance in the development of the university system.
Many of the new independent universities were at first university colleges (i.e. university institutions which could not award their own degrees) and for them the University of London became the degree-awarding body. The London external degree is very important to students in technical colleges and some teacher-training colleges, as well as for private students working on their own, away from educational centers.
The development of new qualifications (e.g. the new Diploma in Technology) and increasing enrollment in regular university courses have made the external degree less important.
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I. , - -. .
1. I was recommended another doctor.
2. The dinner had been eaten before the conversation was finished.
3. They were being taught drawing at that lesson.
II. , it, that, one.
1. This wireless set is better than that one.
2. One must always keep ones word.
3. It is the industrial concentration that makes Sheffield unique.
III. , to be, to have, to do.
1. I had a bad toothache, but just hadnt enough courage to go to the dentist.
2. Do they have to hurry?
3. Who is to speak next?
4. That is a very difficult problem for us.
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5. The new modern building of a picture gallery is to be set up in one of those industrial centers. It is being designed by a group of talented architects.
IV. , .
1. I know he will speak about our future work at the meeting.
2. They were sure this Research Institute had been founded several years ago.
V. ; , () to let.
1. Let him read the text.
2. Let the students correct their mistakes in their control works.
VI. , .
1. He insists on the problem being solved at once.
2. Making these experiments we can compare the weight of elements.
3. The material to be tested had interesting properties.
VII. .
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
Founded in 1636, Harvard University is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the United States. From its classrooms have emerged six American presidents - from John Adams to John F. Kennedy - and an impressive group of statesmen, business leaders, and literary figures. Its campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts, just across the Charles River from Boston provides a rich architectural mix that includes the ivy-covered brick of Puritan New England and the concrete and glass of contemporary design.
Today, the university includes Harvard and Radcliff undergraduate colleges, 10 professional schools, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and an extension school. There are some 1,600 students from every state and 45 foreign countries in it; tuition is about $12,000 a year, and 70% of those attending receive financial aid.
The university library system is the largest in the world; it contains more than 10 million volumes and subscribes to 100,000 periodicals. There are three notable art Museums which house works from ancient Egyptian to contemporary American. There is also a botanical Museum, 40 acres of fields, an experimental forest located in New England, a center for a study of the Italian Renaissance in Italy, and a center for Byzantine studies in Washington, D. C.
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1 ( 1)
| We want this intensive course to be applied at the English lessons. This intensive course is reported to be applied at the English lessons. | , . , . |
2 ( 2)
| The problem having been solved, the scientists began a new experiment. Having solved the problem, the scientists began a new experiment. | , , . , . |
3 ( 3)
| If you ring me up, I shall tell you something. If you rang me up, I should tell you something. If you had rang me up, I should have told you something. | , - . (, ), - . - . |
1
I. , , (. 1).
1. He is believed to be of different opinion on this question.
2. Our teacher hates us to be late.
3. The members of the committee were expected to come to an agreement.
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4. He ordered the documents to be checked carefully.
5. He ordered the secretary to check the documents carefully.
6. The river is believed to be suitable for navigation.
II. , .
1. At last the excitement died down, the captain having assured the passengers, that there was no longer the slightest danger.
2. Having introduced the new words, the teacher asked one of the students to read them.
3. The key having been lost, they could not enter the cottage.
III. , .
1. Should he fail his examination he will be allowed to try again in a month.
2. Had we come to the station a minute earlier we should not have missed the train.
3. You could stay in my place provided you promise to leave no mess.
IV. .
