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Read and translate the text. Unit 1. The dawn of British history




UNIT 1. THE DAWN OF BRITISH HISTORY

1.1. Translate and remember the words:

the dawn -

stone tools -

already in existence -

social development -

ancient Greek historian Herodotus -

tin –

 

Read and translate the text.

At the dawn of their history the peoples of this planet lived in primitive societies. These primitive peoples wherever they lived, began their long path of progress with stone tools, but they did not reach the same level of civilisation at the same time in different countries.

The ancient civilisations of Greece and Rome were already in existence when the people living in Britain were only at the first stage of social development.

The Greeks were the first to mention the British Isles in their books. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus, who is called the father of history, wrote that in the 5th century BC the Phoenicians used to come to the British Isles for tin, which is used for making bronze. The Greek called the British Isles the Tin Isles.

The very first stages of the existence of people on the British Isles are frequently described as prehistoric and referred to as unwritten history of Britain.

The geographical position of the land was both a blessing and a problem: on the one hand the insular position protected the country from invasions; and on the other – the lowland facing the continent always invited invasions.

1.3. Indicate the correct variant:

1. At the dawn of their history the peoples of this planet lived in ………….


А. well-organised groups

B. big towns

C. primitive societies


 

2. The primitive peoples began their long path of progress with ……………… tools


А. bronze

B. stone

C. metal


 

3. The level of civilisation ………… the same at the same time in different countries.


A. was

B. was not


 


1.4. Which of these statements is correct?

A. The ancient civilisation of Rome was already in existence when the people living in Britain were at the last stage of social development.

B. The ancient civilisation of Britain was already in existence when the people living in Greece and Rome were only at the first stage of social development.

C. The ancient civilisations of Greece and Rome were already in existence when the people living in Britain were only at the first stage of social development.

 

1.5. Write the statements correctly:

1. The Greeks were a. the Tin Isles
2. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus b. used to come to the British Isles
3. in the 5th century BC the Phoenicians c. is called the father of history
4. tin d. is used for making bronze
5. The Greek called the British Isles e. the first to mention the British Isles in their books

 

 

UNIT 2. IBERIANS

 

2.1. Translate and remember the words:

 

first inhabitants -

descendants -

to breed or tame animals -

herds of cattle -

to till soil -

to cultivate crops -

the art of grinding and polishing stone -

make smooth objects of stone with sharp edges and points –

 

Read and translate the text.

Not much is known about the first inhabitants of Britain. About three thousand years BC many parts of Europe, including the British Isles were inhabited by a people who are known as the Iberians. Their descendants are still found in the North of Spain on the Iberian Peninsula. Some historians believe that they moved over from the Continent to Britain at the end of the Ice Age, when climate changes caused changes in the hunting situation on the Continent, so the Iberians had to look for new places to hunt.

We do not know much about these early people because they lived in Britain long before a word of their history was written, but we can learn something from their skeletons, their weapons and the remains of their dwellings which have been found. The Iberians used stone weapons and tools. The art of grinding and polishing stone was known to them and they could make smooth objects of stone with sharp edges and points.

From 6 to the 3d century BC the Celts spread across Europe from the East to the West The Iberians were unable to fight back the attacks of the Celts, who were better armed with metal weapons, so most of the Iberians were slain in the conflict; some of them were driven westwards into the mountains of what is now Wales.

2.3. Indicate the correct variant:

1. The Iberians inhabited many parts of Europe, including the British Isles, about …… years BC.


А. 5000

B. 3500

C. 3000


2. Their descendants are still found ……………

A. in the South of Spain on the Iberian Island.

B. in the North of Spain on the Iberian Peninsula

C. in the North of Italy on the Iberian Peninsula.

3. They moved over from the Continent to Britain…………..


A. at the end of the Ice Age

B. at the beginning of our era

C. after the Great Flood


4. The Iberians had to look for new places to hunt when…………

A. new hunting laws were adopted

B. new lands were discovered to the north-west of Spain

C. climate changes caused changes in the hunting situation on the Continent

5. The Iberians …………….


A. hunted or gathered their food

B. did not breed animals, or tame them

C. did not till soil.


6. The Iberians used ………….. weapons and tools.

A. metal and stone B. stone and bronze C. stone

7. They knew the art of


A. grinding and polishing stone

B. making bronze tools

C. building huge structures


UNIT 3. CELTS

3.1. Translate and remember the words:

 

Invade -

to be armed with -

weapons: spears, swords, daggers, axes -

to charge fiercely in battle -

war-chariots -

detachments of warriors -

to be slain -

 





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