1. Men (to be)____________interested in the stars ever since they first (to look) _________into the sky. In the past they (to think) _________that the sun (to move)_________round the earth and that you (to fall)_______________off the earth if you (to step) _________off at the end of it.
2. My name is Linda. When I (to be)_______a child I (to bring up) _______________in a small town. I (to study)______________ at Cambridge before I (to become)_________a teacher. Now I (to try)_______________to get a job with English television. I am not sure if I (to get)__________it as I never (to work)___________ on television before.
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... young people these days like... camping holidays.... holiday these two young people have decided on is... winter holiday and... place they are going to is... winter camp in... Alps. They hope that there won't be... big crowds at... time. They hope they will go for... long walks in the mountains.
, .
Mr Wilson was going... the seaside... holiday. He had booked a ticket... the morning flight. He arrived... the airport just a few minutes,... the plane was going to take.... He apologized... the registration clerk... being late.
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1. ____________________ I am sorry, I don't.
2. ____________________ Youneedn't, thankyou.
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I. :
1. to have the right a.
2. management skills b.
3. key to success c.
4. favourablesolution d.
5. to make decisions e.
6. topmanagement f.
7. supervisor g.
8. company's affairs h.
9. middle management i. ()
10. to implement the approach j.
11. innovation .
12. operating management 1.
2. - :
personnel, company, president, vice president, alternative, analyze, problem, function, plan, organize, control, element, business, effective, motivation, staff, leader, communication.
3. :
1. Management is the art of getting things done through other people. It includes the personnel who have the right to make decisions that influence company's affairs.
2. There are three management levels: top management, middle management and operating management. Top management includes the president, vice presidents, and the general manager. Middle management includes department managers and plant managers. Operating management includes supervisors, foremen, etc.
3. The most important responsibility of any manager is decision making. Successful management is a skill of choosing from alternatives.
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4. Decision makings are divided into: recognizing the problem, defining and analyzing the problem, evaluating alternative solutions, choosing the most favourable solution and implementing the approach chosen.
5. Management functions are planning, organizing, directing, controlling, staffing and innovating. It should be noted that successful management is based on three basic elements: leadership, motivation and communication.
6. To operate a successful business one should have management skills because effective management is the key to business success.
2,4 5.
5. , :
1. Whom does top management include?
2. What managers does middle management include?
3. What specialists does operating management include?
4. What steps is decision making divided into?
5. What are the management functions?
a. Planning, organizing, directing, controlling, staffing and innovating.
b. Department managers and plant managers.
c. Supervisors, foremen, etc.
d. Recognizing the problem, defining the problem and choosing the most favourable solution.
e. The president, vice presidents and the general manager.
6. , :
1. Top management includes....
2. Middle management includes....
3. Decision making is divided into....
4. Management functions are....
a) department managers;
b) general manager;
c) supervisors.
a) planning and controlling;
b) recognizing the problem and choosing the right solution.
