I
, I, :
1. . . . -s. .
2. . . the morethe less.
3. .
4.: , , , , .
5. (Present), (st) (Future) Indefinite . to be, to have Present, Past, Future Indefinite. .
6. : ; . there is (are).
7. .
.
I ( .1)
-s
1. The students attend lectures and
seminars on History and Chemistry .
Lectures, students -
a lecture -
a student -
2. He lectures on history .
Lectures - 3- . to lecture Present Indefinite.
3. My brothers son is a student .
brothers -s - .
My brothers sons are students. - .
- a brother .
2 ( . II)
, , .
1.The scientist works at some
problem of low temperature physics.
.
2. This girl studies at our university.
.
3 ( . )
Lomonosov founded the first Russian
University in Moscow. .
Founded - Past Indefinite Active to found.
This student will take the examination in June. .
will take - Future Indefinite Active to take.
2
2, :
1. - : ) ) () . .
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2. : ) : n (could) may can-to be able; ) : must to have to, to be to
3. : Participle 1 (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) . Gerund - , .
4. (), .
5. .
.
I ( . 1)
a) Lobachevsky's
geometry had revolutionized mathematics and the philosophy
of science. .
had revolutionized - Past Perfect Active to revolutionize.
) The new laboratory
equipment was sent for .
yesterday.
was sent for - Past Indefinite Passive to send
2 ( . II)
1. The changes affect- , ing the composition of , materials are called . chemical changes.
Affecting - Participle I.
2. When heated to the
boiling point water , . evaporates. (:
).
3. Heat is radiated
by the Sun to the Earth. .
Radiated - participle II, - Present Indefinite Passive t radiate.
3
1 ( . 1)
Present Perfect Passive
The main question has already been discussed. .
Present Indefinite Passive.
His scientific work is much
spoken about. .
2( . II)
1. It is necessary to use the latest means of control in industry. -
.
2. One should agree that experiment , was of great importance for our re- -search.
.
3. It is hydrogen that will be the main source of energy in the car of the -
future. .
3 ( . IV)
1. What is the name of the book you -are reading? , ?
2. The region we must explore pos- , great sesses natural wealth. ,
.
4
4, :
1. (Passive Infinitive, Perfect Infinitive). , : , .
2. (Participle 1, 2). () .
3. .
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1 ( . 1)
1. Millions of Russian people are recorded , to have taken part in elections.
.
2. We want the new car to be produced by , February.
.
3. The device to be bought must be , checked beforehand. ,
.
2 ( . 2)
1. Countries wishing to cooperate with us , -will always find the necessary understand- , ing. .
2. Having visited Saint-Petersburg - the participants of the conference -went to Tashkent. .
3. New technological processes having been developed, new types of equipment -have been installed in the shop. .
.
3 ( . 3.)
1. If the installation is put into operation in time, the economic effect will be , greater. .
2. If the system had been perfected, we -should have applied it for new , -calculations. .
3. It would be impossible to build space- -ships without using new materials and alloys.
.
5
5, :
1. should, would.
2. ,
.
5. : as, because, because of, due to, for, since, both... and, either... or, neither... nor.
( . III)
As
1. I have done the work as it was paoy, required. .
2. As there were many new words in the text I used a dictionary. , .
3. As to (as for) the computer it , can handle enormous quantity of data per second. .
4. Electricity is a source of light - as well as of heat. , .
Because, because of
1. We use these films because , they possess superior properties.
.
I. The engineers prefer electronic devices because of their reliability.
.
Due to
1. Plastics are in wide use due to their light weight. . For
1. For a long time wood was being applied for housing. construction. .
2. We could not translate this text for it contained unknown terms. ,
.
1. Man used wood for construction since ancient times.
.
2. Since the experiment was finished the students left the lab. ,
.
Both... and
1. Electronics helps us to study both the atomic nucleus and , , elementary particles. .
ither... or
1. Motor run on either direct or alternating current. .
Neither... nor
1 There is neither oil nor coal in , this region. .
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| it, that, one | ||
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-, . 45. .
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1. , , . .
2. . : , 1 2, 1; 3 4 - 2; 5 6 - 3; 7 8 - 4; 9 0 - 5.
3. . , , , .
4. () , , . , .
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1. . ., . . . 1-2 . : , 1995.
2. . ., . ., . . . -. : , 2000.
3. . ., . . 1 2 . : , 2003.
4. . . - . ., 1997.
5. . ., . . . . ., 1998.
6. . . . ., 1980.
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7. . ., . . . . ., 2000.
