, , , . , . , , .
: MV = PY. , (MV) (PY), . ,
MV = PY.= . (25.1)
, , .. . (Y) . . , . () MS, () .
. 25.2 - .
25.2
:
, . | , . |
. | . |
. | . |
. | . |
(Y) . | . |
, , , , (Y), ..
%∆MS = %∆ (%∆Y). (25.2)
. , (Y). , , .
. 25.3. , AS , .. . , AD1 AD2 , . Y1 Y2 .
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, . , 3 %. - 1 % . 4 % .
. , 140 . ., 1568 . ., .. . , 12 %. , . 12 %, 12 % , . 4 % , MS 12 % ( ) 4 % 8 %. . , ∆MS 4 % , , ∆MS 4 % , .
, , , , : , . , , . , . , , . . , , . . , , , . . , , .
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, ( ) , , , .
25.4. - : IS-LM
-
IS-LM . , , . r , Y, . IS-LM AD-AS.
IS , ( ), , .. (AD=Y) , , (In=S). (In). (r), (S) (Y), .
IS . 25.4. . 25.4 . MS MS MD 1 2 r1 r2. . 25.4 In In1 In2 AD1 AD2 . 25.4.
AD1 AD2 AS ( 45˚ , ) . 25.4 ( ) Y1 Y2, In=S. Y1 r1 In1, Y2 - r2 In2. (Y1; r1) (Y2; r2) IS, . 25.4.
LM , ( ), , .. . , , (Y) .
LM . 25.5.
. 25.5 MS MD(Y1) MD(Y2). MD(Y1) , , Y1. MD(Y2) , , Y2. r2 r1. . 25.5 (Y1; r1) (Y2; r2), , Y1 Y2. LM.
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IS-LM ( -). , ( ) ( ) , (. 25.6).
, , , .
. IS, (ESG) , . , , IS. , , IS. IS, (EDG) , . IS.
. LM, (EDM). - . . LM, (ESM), . ( ) LM.
. . 25.6, , . , . , , . . , , , . , LM. LM.
. . 25.7, . ∆G , , , MPG ∆G IS1 IS2. 1 2. , , . 3 3.?
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. . 25.8, . LM1 LM2. 1 ESM, , , , . , r2, 2. - . , LM2 3. r3, , .
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