. , , .
. , , . . . , .
: , , ().
- . , .
, .
, , . , - . .
- , , . . , .
. -, .
. 2.6. :
- ; S - ; r -
-, , . , . 2.6.
S . = (r), : , . S = S(r), : , . , r0, . r1 r2 - .
, . , - S = S(Y). .
-, . .
-, . , , .
, , , :
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= + ,
.. . = (Y), - = (r).
, = C + S, S , C, S = S(Y).
, C + = C + S, = S, - , - .
(r) = S(Y) .
, (. 2.7).
. . S . = ON , . - F. S . N , , S .
. 2.7.
S , , . , , . N. S , .
, S. :
-, . . S . F , , F. , F, . , , . .
-, , . : , , . . - .
-, , , , , .
, . , , - , .
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, ( ) :, , .
, ? , , , , .. . - , , () () () . , , , , .. , .
, $100, .. . , $100, . , = 0.8, , 1 80 (.. 80%), 20 (.. 20%) (.. ms = 0.2). , $100 , $80 (Y m =100 0.8 = 80) $20 (Y ms = 100 0.2 = 20). ( ) $80 , $64 (Y m = 80 0.8 = 64) $16 ( 80 0.2 = 16) .. , 0.
, , :
( ) (m) . , , ... () . 5 (1 / 1 - 0.8 = 5). , $100 $500 (100 5 = 500).
() . , , , , .. , , .. , ( ) .
. :
(, ).
, , . , .
(m), . , , m = 0.9, = 10 (1 / (1 - 0.9) = 10), m = 0.75, = 4 (1 / (1 - 0.75) = 4). m , m, .
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(.. m , , -, - ). (m) , (Y2 > Y1).
5. (AS) - .
:
1. ;
2. ;
3. (. 3).
, , , . , , . (, , , ). . (Y1), .
, , , . , . , , .
, , (Y2), . , . , , .
:
1. . , , ;
2. , , ;
3. (, ). , .
6. (AD) (AS) . .
AD - AS , , ( , , ).
. , , .
, , , , , .
. . .
, , , , .
. ( , ), ( ), .