. (85)
(speculative demand) ,
,
() . (126)
(speculation) ,
. (398)
(specific resources) ,
, . (185)
,
. (18)
(average costs, AC)
. (198)
(average revenue, AR) ,
.
:
TR PxQ
AR = = = P. (193)
Q Q
(average product, )
,
. (159)
.
, ,
(
).
,
. (321)
(interest) ,
. (319)
()
. (389)
(emissions standards)
. (429)
( . )
,
(387)
551
,
. (256)
(substitutional goods) ,
. (141)
,
.
(387)
,
,
- -. (17)
|
|
|
,
,
(258)
()
(present discount value PDV)
, .
(325)
(Coase theorem)
,
, (
)
( ). (427)
( theory) ,
(),
. (253)
(public choice theory)
, ,
. (448)
(Giffen good) ,
,
,
, . (138)
(point elasticity)
E D = \dQ/Q\^JQ_xP_ (9?)
P dP/P dP Q
(transaction costs)
