, ,
(. . 315).
, ..
(deadweight cost),
.
, . ""
,
, . ,
, ( ) ,
,
(
. 315).
"" .
, ,
,
,
.
, .
P i
i ,
) )
. 316. - () ()-
()
94 3.
,
, ,
.
(PD = Ps)
(QD = Qs).
, .
, , .
,
. (, , )
,
.
(. . 316),
(. . 3166).
I
.
4 -^
) )
. 317. () ()
, .
(. 317) 2
3.
(. . 3176),
.
"." ,
|
|
(. . 3
18).
(. . 3186, ), .
_ , -
,
,
(cobweb model) (. . 319).
(, ), -
3.3. . 95
,
, :
Qst = s(Pt_.,),
Qst t;
,
t.
. 318. : (), () ()
, ,
.
.
Pi V D!
1
/fs
/ /
J4. "Vf
\
i i i \
Q Q Q
) ) )
. 319. () ()
()
. ,
S D
(. . 319).
. () (),
(CF),
96 3. '
(FG). (GH)
,
. .
, , ,
D
S (. . 319).
.
, , (. . 3196),
,
.
,
,
.
, .
3.4.
/
(price elasticity of demand)
.
, . .
|
|
, "" 10
"" ,
. .
"" 10
,
,
?.=
AQ/Q
/
Q %
%
(3.3)
nl> ;
DQ/Q ;
DP/P .
, ,
AQ < 0. , :
-AQ/Q
= " ' Ű =
/
AQ/Q
/
3.4. 97
, ">1 ( ,
), (),
<1, () ,
.
,
= 0,
, = (. . 320).
- == 0
=
0 Q
. 320.
.
(point elasticity) ,
.
, ,
X (. 321).
0 Q0 N Q
. 321.
* - - ^ -
Q
.
98 3. :
(arc elasticity)
,
DtDz.
Ż _: A Q
?, - -W - < (p2+ p.) / 2 _ -(Q, - Q.),, (p2 + P.)
p Q (-,) (Q2 + Q,)/2 (P,-^) (Q2 + Q,)
(3.4)
Q = ,
AQ/ = -.
b .
,
Ű
.
0 ( Dj) ( D2) (. . 322).
D, Q
. 322.
.
,
, (
) . ,
, ,
, . ,
Ű> 1, < 1.
. 323.
:
3 4. 99
TR = X Q, (3.5)
TR (total revenue) () ();
(price) ;
Q (quantity) .
PQ
Q
. 323.
(>1),
(TR). ,
,
.
: ,
|
|
.
(ED< 1),
. ,
, .
. 31.
3
31