. :
C ( X) V (X) = C ( R) V (R).
. 2CO3 1,3811 200,0 . 15,0 11,3 2SO4. 2SO4 (2SO4/Zn).
. 2CO3 , :
( 2CO3) =
( 2CO3) = = 0,09993 /.
, 2SO4 (f = ):
( 2SO4) = ;
( 2SO4) = = 0,1326 /.
2SO4 :
(2SO4) = 0,1326 = 0,06632 /.
(2SO4/Zn),
(2SO4/Zn) = = = 0,004335 /.
. , 104 . - . . , .
. 250 10,0 , . 15,0 (V ) . 27,4 (V T1) NaOH 0,09678 /. 33,2 (V T2) NaOH . .
. (. 4.5). HCl , (Δ = 410). : (Δ = 3,14,4), (Δ = 8,210,0).
.4.5
H3PO4 : H3PO4 NaH2PO4. . H3PO4 Na2HPO4 .
:
Hl + NaOH = NaCl + 2H2O H3PO4 + NaOH = NaH2PO4 + H2O | } | V T1 = 27,4 , |
Hl + NaOH = NaCl + 2H2O H3PO4 + 2NaOH = Na2HPO4 + 2H2O | } | V T2 = 33,2 . |
NaOH HCl H3PO4 , HCl H3PO4 . NaOH, :
|
|
D V = 33,2 27,4 = 5,8 .
:
1 = = = 0,03742 /.
H3PO4 (10,0 ) :
2 = = 0,9355 /.
r(H3PO4) = 97,9952 /, H3PO4
m (H3PO4) = 0,9355 10,0 103 97,9952 = 0,9168 .
Hl , .
NaOH,
V (NaOH) = 27,4 5,8 = 21,6 .
NaOH,
V (NaOH) = 33,2 2 5,8 = 21,6 ,
. . . Hl :
1(HCl) = = 0,1394 /.
Hl (10,0 ) :
2 (HCl) = = 3,4841 /.
Hl :
m (HCl) = 3,4841 10,0 103 36,461 = 1,2703 .
. , , .
. BaCO3 0,3197 20,0 0,2000 l. 8,6 0,09705 . (%) BaCO3 aO .
. :
BaCO3 + 2 HCl = BaCl2 + CO2 ↑ + H2O
HCl + KOH = KCl + H2O
:
ν( BaCO3) = ν(HCl) ν()
BaCO3 :
ν( BaCO3) = 0,2000 20,0 103 0,09705 8,6 103 = = 3,165 103 .
BaCO3 :
m (BaCO3) = ν( BaCO3) Mr( BaCO3),
Mr( BaCO3) BaCO3. , :
m (BaCO3) = 3,165 103 98,67 = 0,3123 .
BaCO3:
ω(BaCO3) = = 97,70%.
BaO , ν( BaCO3) = = ν( BaO):
m (BaO) = 3,165 103 76,67 = 0,2427 .
ω(BaO) = = 75,90%.
. - 4 :
1) ;
2) ( );
3) ;
4) .
: , . . . . .
|
|
. C6H5COOH ( ) ( 0= 0,20 /) c 0,40 / .
. (K = 4,21), K , .
C6H5COOH + KOH = C6H5COOK + H2O
, 100,00 (V 0) C6H5COOH ( 0 = 0,20 /). (V), C6H5COOH.
100,00 0,20 = Vx 0,40; Vx = 50,00 .
1. :
= K lg 0 = 4,21 lg 0,20 = 2,45.
2. , .
50% (25,00 ) :
90% (45,00 ) :
99% H (49,50 ), :
99,9% (49,95 ) :
.
3. , = = 0,2 / ( ).
.
4. . 50,05 (100,1 %) :
= 14 + lg = 10,30.
.
50,50 (101%)
= 14 + lg = 11,30.
55,00 (110%)
= 14 + lg = 12,30.
. 4.1, (. 4.6).
4.1 65
V T, | - | ||
65 | = lg 0 | 2,45 | |
45,00 | 65 65K | 5,16 | |
49,50 | 65 65K | 6,21 | |
49,95 | 65 65K | 7,21 | |
50,00 | 65K | = 7 + + lg c | 8,76 |
50,05 | KOH | pH = 14+lg T | 10,30 |
50,50 | KOH | 11,30 | |
55,00 | 12,30 |
7,2110,30. : (Δ = 6,88,4; = 8,0), (Δ = 8,210,0).
. 4.6 0,20 / 65 0,40 / KOH |
(Δ = 6,88,4; = 8,0) (Δ = 8,09,6; = 9,0). .