, , , , 2008, 3 . , , 0.25-0.5%. , . , , , , , . , , , . (1.5-2.5 ) .
, , , , , . , 100% , 2008.
, . 1992-1995. 1992 $2.0, 80- $2.4, $2.6. , 2007-2008 $2.11 . , 70- 95 , 80- - $1.10, , $0.95. 75 1995, $1.45 , $1.56 . 1995 85 , 99. , , , , . . , .
, . , . , , , , . , , , , , , , , - ( !). , , - .
|
|
(TOMO, Temporary open market operations) [10]. , . $81.5 ., $51.8 . 2007, . 2008 $63.1 . $33.6 . 2007. 2008 $29.5 . 2007. , , , , .. , 2007 $910 ., $15,750 . [4], , $16 . .. 0.18%! 1/5 , , , .
.
- - , $29.5 . , , . , (SOMA, System open market account). , .. , , . , , 2007, 12% $800 . $699 . .. , $100 . . , , , , .
01.07.2007.
- , . . . - , , , .. , , - .
|
|
, 6 . 70- , 2001 . , . , , , . , , , - , , ..:
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
, , .
- . , , 3/4 . , . 1, , 1970 .
1:
60- - 70-. , 350% , - 320-330%. 80-. , - . , . , 400% , 340%. 10 , .
, , 2000-2001 , . , , . 5 , 520%, - 475% . .., 5 37-38%, - 60%.
, , , , . , - . , , , .. . - . - 2006 .
|
|
?
, - , , - . , , . , 70- 5 , 80- - 6 . , , , , 2009-. , , .
2:
-, : , - 2001-2003, , - 2003-2006, , - 2006 - 2007. 2006 () 2005, , . 2006 2002 . . , 10%- , , . (), .
, 2006 , , , , , , 2-3 . - , . , ( , ).
, , , - (. 2, ). , 2005 , . , , , . , , , , , 1995. , - .
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|
, , , , , , . -, , . 70- (. 1) 2001-2007 (. 2), ( ), , 5-8 . 330% 310% , .. 75% 1970, 35-36%.
,
( )
,
(. 4). 70- 80-85% , .. , 60- 50- (, , , 1950 ). 1980 , , 2000. 106-118% , , . 2001 2005 160% .
4:
, - . .. / , . , , 1975 2006 1070%, - 1060%. .. . - . - , . , , , : 2006 115 . 126 . 7-8% 40-.
, 30- . , . , 2006 , 1990. , , 2006. , 2005 $2.5 , 2006 $800 . , , 2-3 . , - 70- 1995-1998, 30% 50%.
,
20-, 50-, 70-. , . , . ? . , 70- 2/3 ( ), (DPI - ) 2.5+ ( ). 2006 , .
|
|
5:
, , . - 2007 ( ) , 25% . , , .
, ( ) 50% , , , , , . , 30%. , . , . - , , . . - . - . - , .
, . , , , , 85% . , , , .
, , . , , , . .
- . 3 , . 2005 (foreclosure) 0.41% . 2006 0.46% , 2007 - 0.58%, 2005 . , 1. 2007, , , , . . 2007, , , , . , 2007 2.5% , .. 1.5 . , . , , .
- . 2000-2001 , 1.9-2.2 . 2002-2004 2.0-2.5 . 2005 . 2005 2.8 . , 2006 - 3.8 ., 2007 - 4.4 ., . - , , 2007 6 . , .
- . 2005 . 2005 2068 ., 2006 1801 .. - 2005 830.7, 2006 - 814.7, 2007 - 598.5. , 2007 1.3 ., 35% , 2005. , , .
, . , . , - , , . , , , , ..
Federal Reserve:
http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/ifdp/2005/841/ifdp841.pdf
TD Bank Financial Group: :
http://www.td.com/economics/topic/bc0904_us_hsg.pdf
MIT: ?
http://web.mit.edu/cre/research/pdf/facpro...n%20-%20IAP.pdf
, , 2006 2007, , , . , 35% +/- 5% . , , . , , . .
. 1959 2007 , . - , , . - , - , , , , , , , .. , , .. - .
2007 -$33985,1 . 2007.
, 2007, 1959 1970:
1959 - 8886,8
1960 - 8980,8
1961 - 9002,2
1962 - 9032,8
1963 - 9046,0
1964 - 9068,7
1965 - 9083,6
1966 - 9151,4
1967 - 9167,4
1968 - 9042,8
1969 - 8993,3
1970 - 8926,3
.. 1959 1967 3.16%, , 1968 ( , ), .
21.06.2007
! ! ?
. , . , , , , . , , - , - - , , , - . , . , .
:
Agriculture, forestry, fishing & hunting
Mining
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation & warehousing
Information
Finance & insurance
Real estate, rental & leasing
Professional and business services
Management of companies and enterprises
Administrative & waste management services
Educational services
Health care & social assistance
Arts, entertainment & recreation
Accommodation & food services
Other services (except government)
http://www.census.gov/econ/census02/guide/02EC_US.HTM
, , , , , . , : (Professional and business services), (Information) (Manufacturing).
. 2006. . - 2005 . - 2002, , , . , 2002, . - .. 2002, , 2005. , , - .
, . 2002 2005 ( ), - 2002 ( ).
Professional, scientific, and technical services: 705.2 - 864.1
- Legal services: 145.8 - 180.9
- Computer systems design and related services: 127.3 - 140.8
- Misc professional, scientific & technical services: 432.2 - 542.5
http://www.bea.gov/industry/gpotables/gpo_filter.cfm?anon=49521&table_id=19018
541 Professional, scientific & technical services - 886,801
http://www.census.gov/econ/census02/data/us/US000_54.HTM
5411 Legal services - 182,098
5412 Accounting, tax preparation & payroll services - 84,072
5413 Architectural, engineering & related services - 161,835
54131 Architectural services - 25,240
54132 Landscape architectural services - 3,570
54133 Engineering services 116,887
54134 Drafting services - 731
54135 Building inspection services - 1,310
54136 Geophysical surveying & mapping services - 1,049
54137 Surveying & mapping services - 4,278
54138 Testing laboratories 8,771
5414 Specialized design services - 17,075
5415 Computer systems design & related services - 173,414
541511 Custom computer programming services - 60,126
541512 Computer systems design services - 78,335
5415121 Computer systems integrators - 42,933
5415122 Computer systems consultants - 35,402
541513 Computer facilities management services - 22,279
541519 Other computer related services - 12,674
5416 Management, scientific, & technical consulting services - 105,452
54161 Management consulting services - 90,915
54162 Environmental consulting services - 6,933
54169 Other scientific & technical consulting services - 7,605
5416901 Economic & related consulting services - 3,656
5416909 All other scientific and technical consulting services - 3,949
5417 Scientific research & development services - 64,481
54171 R&D in the phys, engineering & life sciences - 60,453
54172 R&D in the social sciences & humanities - 4,028
5418 Advertising & related services - 56,681
5419 Other professional, scientific, & technical services - 41,693
54191 Marketing research & public opinion polling - 10,890
54192 Photographic services - 6,538
54193 Translation & interpretation sevices - 876
54194 Veterinary services - 16,623
54199 All other professional, scientific, & technical services - 6,765
, , , 42.20% , $364.7 . 2005. . , , , , . , , . , . , . , . - . 15% , . . - $240 ., .
- . , - , , , , . , .
Information: 483.0 - 555.2
- Publishing industries (includes software): 119.0 - 150.2
- Motion picture and sound recording industries: 38.9 - 40.5
- Broadcasting and telecommunications: 278.9 - 304.1
- Information and data processing services: 46.2 - 60.4
51 Information - 891,846
http://www.census.gov/econ/census02/data/us/US000_51.HTM
511 Publishing industries (except Internet) - 242,216
5111 Newspaper, periodical, book, & directory publishers - 138,711
5112 Software publishers - 103,506 (11.61%)
512 Motion picture & sound recording industries - 78,250
5121 Motion picture & video industries - 62,927
5122 Sound recording industries - 15,324
515 Broadcasting (except Internet) - 73,962
5151 Radio & television broadcasting - 48,589
5152 Cable & other subscription programming - 25,373
517 Telecommunications 411,644 (46.15%)
5171 Wired telecommunications carriers - 237,697 (26.65%)
5172 Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) - 99,193
5173 Telecommunications resellers - 9,717
5174 Satellite telecommunications - 5,748
5175 Cable & other program distribution - 57,709
5179 Other telecommunications - 1,581
516 Internet publishing & broadcasting - 6,363 (0.67%)
518 ISP, web portals & data processing - 74,508 (8.35%)
5181 ISP & web search portals - 21,419
5182 Data processing, hosting & related services - 53,089
519 Other information services - 4,901
51911 News syndicates - 1,844
51912 Libraries & archives - 1,649
51919 All other information services - 1,409
, , , 66.78% , 2005 $370.8 . . , , - .. , , - . , , - , , ? , ? ? ? ? ? ? , - . , GPRS . 2005 $220 .
? - Amazon.com ? ? - ? Lexis-Nexis? ? , . , Google , Yandex Baidu. - $50 ., .
, , $125 . 2005.
, - . - . - , , , . , , - , , . , - . .
, , - , , , , . , , . - , , , , , . , , . 90- , , , , , , , . , - , , , .. , .
, / 2002 2006 ( ):
,
: 144.8 - 204.0
: 124.3 - 161.5
: -22.5
: 111.3 - 183.1
: 113.3 - 173.2
: -11.9
,
Imports: 209.0 - 264.1
Exports: 80.0 - 110.0
: -25.1
Imports: 40.7 - 64.5
Exports: 17.3 - 30.8
: -10.3
, , , , , - . .
, , , , , , - , , , , . , . -, , . , , , . , , , , , . -, , - . - , , . , , , , .
, - . , . , , . , , 50% , 20% , . $30-40 . , , . $180 . 2005.
- 135.3
- 23.8
- 95.4
- 111.1
- 46.9
- - - 54.6
- 67.7
- 47.8
- 71.1
- 130.5
- 61.1
- 37.1
- 175.7
- - 39.0
- 209.2
- 63.5
- 72.6
, . , , , , 2005 $550 . $12,456 ., .. 4.5%, . , 1% . , 0.5% . , . , , , . .
, , , . , , , . - , , . , , 90% , . , - , .