, , , , , , .
. 4. :
| - | |||
| - | Reading means gaining knowledge. | , . | |
| - | 1. Do you like dancing? 2. He insisted on adoptingthe new plan. | 1. ? 2. . | |
| to be; to stop ; to finish ; to continue, to keep on, to go on ; to begin, to start | 1. My favourite occupation is walking in the forest. 2. He began writing his books in 1990. 3. The young man stopped reading the notices. | 1. . 2. 1990 . 3. . | |
| , : opportunity (of) ; way (of) ; experience (in) ; interest (in) ; reason (for) , ; chance (of) | 1. I see no other way of doing it. 2. Do you realize the importance of learning foreign languages? 3. It is difficult to improve your English if you havent much chance of speaking it. 4. She takes much interest in reading French books. | 1. . 2. ? 3. - , . 4. - . | |
| , | : after, on , ; before , ; by ; unstead of , ; besides | 1. After training for a long time, 2. On seeing his father, the boy ran up to him. 3.We learn a lot by reading. 4. You cant leave without saying good-bye to them. 5. Besides taking part in amateur performances, he | 1. ... 2. , . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , , |
. 5. , :
1. Learning rules without examples is useless. 2. She suspected () him of deceiving () her. 3. She denied () having been at home that evening. 4. After graduating from the university she left Vitebsk and went to teach in her home town. 5. Seeing a good film is a pleasure. 6. He went home without seeing the film. 7. He talked without stopping. 8. Miss Brown was in the habit of asking Mr. Dick his opinion (). 9. He solved the problem of inventing such a device (). 10. He solved the problem, by inventing a new device. 11. Ring us up before leaving home. 12. Instead of reading up for his exam, he is watching TV.
|
|
|
. 6. :
1. Examining the shape of childhood allows us to understand it better. 2. The book Child Development is about the rhythm and meaning of childrens lives, about turning mystery () into understanding. 3. A Black American child born in such a large city as Boston has less chance of surviving during the first year of life than a child born in Panama [pænəmə], North or South Korea [kÉri:ə], or Uruguay [ju:ərəgwai]. 4. Some school children are impulsive in solving problems, others are more reflective. 5. Much learning that takes place in classrooms requires reflection rather than impulsivity. 6. Researchers have trained impulsive children to become more reflective by improving their scanning (to scan ) strategies, by teaching them to take more time and by instructing them to talk to themselves to control their behavior. 7. Understanding is a two way street. 8. Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. 9. We read about educating children with special needs handicapped children and learning disabilities.
LESSON 5
C
, ( ) . .
, . , ; , .
:
| I dont mind opening the window. I dont mind his opening the window. | , . , . |
| She insisted on being allowed to go home. She insisted on her son being allowed to go home. | , . , . |
. 1. , :
1. I am told of your being very busy. 2. Do you mind my smoking here? 3. My teacher insists ( ) on my reading aloud every day. 4. I am not very friendly with him, so I was surprised by his asking me to dinner. 5. The thieves () broke into the shop without anyone seeing them. 6. He doesnt mind his daughter going to the cinema once a week. 7. The teacher insists on these articles being translated into Russian. 8. There is no hope of our coming in time.
. 2. , :
Would you mind - ;
I dont mind - ;
It is worth - (- ) ;
I cannot help - ;
to succeed in - ;
to fail - , -.
:
1. Would you mind passing me the salt?
, .
2. I dont mind your staying with your friend.
, .
3. His lectures are worth listening to.
.
|
|
|
4. I cannot help laughing at his stories.
.
5. He succeeded in mastering his speciality.
.
6. They failed passing the exam.
.
. 3. , , :
| I cant help | inviting him to our party. looking at you. doing morning exercises. going in for sports. making mistakes. listening to the latest news on the radio. |
| She succeeded in | arranging the party. mastering her speciality. getting the new textbook. organizing the discussion. |
| He failed | coming in time. catching the 7 oclock train. bringing the dictionaries. going on the trip with the group. |
| Do you mind | my smoking? my opening the windows? his answering this question? our going sightseeing? our watching TV now? |
| I dont mind | your smoking here. taking part in the work. his using my notes. resuming our research work. |
| Would you mind | telling us another story? not interrupting him now? switching on the light? bringing us some hot water? sending this letter at once? ringing me up tomorrow morning? |
. 4. :
1. You look wonderful today. I cant help looking at you. 2. She cant help telling him about this letter. 3. I couldnt help inviting them to our party. 4. Do you mind my switching on the TV? 5. Do you mind our publishing the results of our work? 6. The exhibition () is worth seeing. 7. The article is worth seeing. 8. This country is worth visiting. 9. She succeeded in organizing the discussion. 10. They succeeded in getting the permission to see their son. 11. They failed keeping their promise. 12. John failed finding any job in London. 13. He didnt come that evening. He failed catching the last train.
LESSON 6
The Participles
| Participle I | V + ing: reading, doing |
| Participle II | V3/Ved: translated, done |
(Participle I) (Participle II).
, , Participle I Participle II : Participle I Continuous, Participle II Perfect .
He is reading now. (Participle I).
They will have finished the work by 5 p.m. 5 ; Texts are translated by students. (Participle II).
, Participle I Participle II . Participle I ( , -, -, -) (, ? ): reading , ; doing , .
Participle II , -: read [red] , ; done , ; asked , .
. 1. ) 2 : I II:
Speaking, seen, standing, asked, destroyed, written, shut, living, falling, interested, given, singing, repeated, sent, chosen, broken, eaten.
b) I II:
To work, to walk, to give, to send, to arrest, to write, to read, to offer, to form, to go, to bring, to do, to approach, to take, to break, to forget, to grow, to know, to change, to plan.
. 2. , Participle I:
1. Everybody looked at the dancing girl. 2. The little plump woman standing at the window is my grandmother. 3. The man playing the piano is Kates uncle. 4. Entering the room, she turned on the light. 5. Coming to the theatre, she saw that the performance had already begun. 6. Looking out of the window, he saw his mother watering the flowers. 7. Hearing the sounds of music we stopped talking. 8. She went into the room, leaving the door open.
|
|
|
. 3. , Participle II:
1. My sister likes boiled eggs. 2. We stopped before a shut door. 3. Tied to the tree, the goat could not run away. 4. They saw overturned tables and chairs and pieces of broken glass all over the room. 5. This is a church built many years ago. 6. The books written by Dickens give us a realistic picture of the 19th century England. 7. She put a plate of fried fish in front of me. 8. The coat bought last year is too small for me now. 9. Nobody saw the things kept in that box.
. 4. , Participle I Participle II:
1. a) A fish taken out of the water cannot live.
b) A person taking a sun-bath must be very careful.
c) Taking a dictionary, he began to translate the text.
2. a) A line seen through this crystal looks double.
b) A teacher seeing a mistake in a students dictation always corrects it.
c) Seeing clouds of smoke over the house, the girl cried: Fire! Fire!
3. a) The word said by the student was not correct.
b) The man standing at the door of the train carriage and saying goodbye to his friends is a well-known musician.
c) Standing at the window, she was waving her hand.
4. a) A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow.
b) He saw some people in the post-office sending telegrams.
c) When sending the telegram she forgot to write her name.
5. a) Some of the questions put to the lecturer yesterday were very important.
b) The girl putting the book on the shelf is the new librarian.
) While putting the eggs into the basket she broke one of them.
6. ) A word spoken in time may have very important results.
b) The students speaking good English must help their classmates.
c) The speaking doll interested the child very much.
d) While speaking to Nick some days ago I forgot to ask him about his sister.
. 5. :
1. a) The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard is our best pupil.
b) Everything (writing, written) here is quite right.
2. a) The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall trees is very beautiful.
b) The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high.
3. a) Who is that boy (doing, done) his homework at that table?
b) The exercises (doing, done) by the pupils were easy.
4. a) The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my sister.
b) The floor (washing, washed) by Helen looked very clean.
5. a) We listened to the girls (singing, sung) Russian folk songs.
b) We listened to the Russian folk songs (singing, sung) by the girls.
6. Do you know the girl (playing, played) in the garden?
7. The book (writing, written) by this scientist is very interesting.
8. Translate the words (writing, written) on the blackboard.
9. We could not see the sun (covering, covered) by dark clouds.
10. The (losing, lost) book was found at last.
11. (Going, gone) along the street, I met Mary and Ann.
12. Read the (translating, translated) sentences once more.
13. Name sone places (visiting, visited) by you last year.
14. I picked up the pencils (lying, lain) on the floor.
15. She was reading the book (buying, bought) the day before.
16. Yesterday we were at a conference (organizing, organized) by the pupils of the 10th form.
17. (Taking, taken) the girl by the hand, she led her across the street.
18. It was not easy to find the (losing, lost) stamp.
|
|
|
19. I shall show you a picture (painting, painted) by Hogarth.
20. Here is the letter (receiving, received) by me yesterday.
21. Look at the beautiful flowers (gathering, gathered) by the children.
22. His hat (blowing, blown) off by the wind was lying in the middle of the street.
23. How do you like the film? he asked, (turning, turned) towards me.
24. When we came nearer, we saw two boys (coming, come) towards us.
25. I think that the boy (standing, stood) there is his brother.
