Passive Voice;
. :
1. We have read the book. 2. The book has already been read. 3. Water surrounds an island. 4. Bob mailed the package. 5. He was invited to the party. 6. Ill ask you to do this work. 7. Ill be asked to help him. 8. The meeting was canceled by the president. 9. I was given the money. 10. They were brought the telegram. 11. They brought me the telegram.
. 4. :
1. Her letter was not answered. 2. His strange behavior was commented upon. 3. The child was greatly affected by the scene. 4. Sometimes intelligence tests have been misused. 5. Traditionally, giftedness has been assessed () in one dimension intellectual exceptionality.
2
. 1. , , :
1. The farther you go, the (long) is the way back. 2. He is 2 years (old) than his brother. 3. He knows the history of your town (good) than you. 4. What is the (large) city in the world? 5. The University of London is the (important) higher school and the (big) research centre in Great Britain. 6. To my mind the (interesting) thing in art is the personality of the artist. 7. It was as (cold) as in winter there.
. 2. , :
| Present Simple | A text is discussed | twice a week. | |
| Past Simple | an hour ago. | ||
| Future Simple | in the morning. | ||
| Present Continuous | now. | ||
| Past Continuous | when I came into the classroom. | ||
| Present Perfect | just. | ||
| Past Perfect | before they bell rang. | ||
| Future Perfect | by 12 oclock. |
. 3. 2 :
Active Voice;
Passive Voice;
. :
1. She was offered a new job. 2. You will teach English next year. 3. You will be taught English next year. 4. She has been always admired. 5. I am being waited for. 6. They helped me a lot. 7. She is laughed at. 8. They were helped a lot. 9. The documents havent been typed yet. 10. I interviewed some people to the job. 11. Ann is often spoken about.
. 4. :
1. The parents were being shown the day-care center when the storm began. 2. We were joined by the psychologist. 3. Intelligence tests have been used to discover indications of mental retardation or intellectual giftedness. 4. No relation between giftedness and mental disorder has been found.
III
LESSON 1
Modal Verbs
, .
:
1) , : evidently (), maybe (), probably () .;
|
|
|
2) can, may, must, should, ought (to) .
:
1) ( . . );
2) ;
3) to ( ought to; to be to; to have to);
4) .
.
Can he speak French?
May I take the book?
not, .
I can not (cant) come to you next Sunday.
MODAL VERBS
| Present Indefinite | Past Indefinite | - | - () | ||
| can | could | cannot cant could not | , , | 1) , ; 2) | to be able (to) |
| may | might | may not might not | , , , | 1) 2) - | to be allowed (to) |
| must | had to | must not mustnt need not neednt | , | to have (to) | |
| to have (to) has (to) | had (to) | dont have (to), doesnt have (to), didnt have (to) | , () | , | - |
 to be (to)
am
is (to)
are
| was (to) were (to) | is not (to) was not (to) | , | () | - |
| should | - | should not shouldnt | , | , ( ) | ought (to) |
| ought (to) | - | ought not oughtnt | , | , , | - |
Can, could and be able to
can : can could [kud].
cannot cant [ka:nt].
can :
1. :
Can you lift this box? ?
Ann can swim well. .
Im afraid I cant translate ,
this text. .
could.
When he was young , ()
he could dance well. .
I could already read 4 .
at the age of 4.
, ( ) - , was/were able to ( could).
We were able to finish our work by noon.
The fire spread quickly but everyone was able to escape.
2. can, could .
can .
Jill, can you give me a lift, please?
, ?
Excuse me. Could you show me the way to the bus station?
, , ?
3. Could , -, .
|
|
|
- Did you go to the cinema? - ?
- No, We could have gone to the cinema, - . (
we decided not to. ), .
4. can will be able to (inf.).
Now I cant speak English well but in a year of practising I ll be able to do it better.
-, .
Note: cant ( ).
You cant cross the street here.
.
.1. can. :
1. I cant understand what youre talking about. 2. Timothy cant be so unfair. 3. Can I give you a lift home? 4. Did you buy a new car? No, we could have bought it, but we decided not to. 5. Could I borrow your camera? 6. Kate cant play the piano, but in a year she will be able to play well. 7. We were able to run very fast when I was a boy.
May, Might and Be Allowed
(Permitted) to
may :
may , might [mait] .
may :
1. .
May I use your phone?
May I take (borrow your car)?
* may to be allowed (permitted) to .
Are we allowed to use a dictionary?
, , :
1) No, dont, please. Dont ,
(, ) may not.
2) No, you may not. -.
(, = .)
3) No, you must not. ,
(, ) ,
,
.
4) No, you cant - ,
() , .
2. .
, .
I may go to Spain. (=perhaps I will go)
It might rain this evening. (=perhaps it will rain)
may/might.
3. , , .
may (might) Indefinite Infinitive, Continuous Infinitive, Perfect Infinitive Perfect Continuous Infinitive.
, .
Might .
He may (might) be here. , .
He may (might) be sleeping. , ().
He may (might) have , , .
translated the article.
He may (might) have been , .
sleeping.
4. Might . .
You might be more attentive. Why arent you following me?
. ?
He might have helped you! The bag was so heavy.
. !
5. may will be allowed to (permitted) to.
They wont be allowed to leave the lecture.
. 2. may :
1. You are not permitted to shout here. 2. Mary will be allowed to drive a car soon. 3. May I smoke here? No, you may not. 4. She may like pop music. 5. He might come later. 6. It was some special occasion. I dont remember what. It may have been my birthday. 7. He may not have learned the news, thats why he looks as if nothing had happened. 8. Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today.
Must
must :
1. , .
|
|
|
You must respect your parents. .
must must not (mustnt) , .. may.
May I do it? ?
- No, you mustnt. , .
, . must, .. , neednt , .
You neednt go there now. .
Must I do it? ? :
Yes, you must. , . No, you neednt. , .
Must I learn it by heart? ?
2. , .
You must leave the room at once! !
3. , . must , , , .
Peter must be at home. , , .
He must be working at the library. , , .
He must have been working , ,
hard lately. .
She must have mentioned it. , , .
must to have to.
I had to post the letter. .
I shall have to do it. .
to be to (v) .
He was to come at 5 ()
but he didnt come. 5 , .
. 3. must :
1. You must do it. 2. You mustnt go there. 3. It must be very difficult. 4. He must have repaired his car. 5. I must write to Ann. I havent written to her for ages. 6. He must be laughing at us now. 7. It must have been a plane. 8. Mary must be crazy if she wants to marry that man. 9. You mustnt steal other peoples things. 10. Im doing the work you had to do last week. 11. We are to take four exams this term. 12. We had to help our social worker. 13. We were to meet at the day-care center. 14. He is to make his report first. 15. They will have to work all day. 16. You will have to teach your children English.
