.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


; -




has a lofty position ' '. She'll rise to the top ' (.:

)'. He's at the peak of his career ' '. He's climbing the ladder ' (.: )'. has little upward mobility ' ' (.: ' '). He's at the bottom of the social hierarchy ' '. She fell in status ' '.

. () , () . GOOD IS UP; BAD IS DOWN

; -

Things are looking up ' (.: )'.

We hit a peak last year, but it's been downhill ever since ' , (.: )'. Things are at an all-time low ' '. does high-quality work ' '.

. , , - , , . VIRTUE IS UP; DEPRAVITY IS DOWN ' ; - '

She has high standards ' '.

She is upright ' (, .: )'.

She is an upstanding citizen ' (.: ) '.

That was a low trick ' '.

Don't be underhanded 'He '.

I wouldn't stoop to that ' (.: ) '.

That would be beneath me ' (.: ) '.

fell in the abyss of depravity ' (.:

)'.

That was a low-down thing to do ' '.

.

( ); , , - ( , ). - , / . , , /. , /. RATIONAL IS UP; EMOTIONAL IS DOWN ' ; - '

The discussion fell to the emotional level but I raised it back up to the rational plane ' (.: ), (.: )'. We put our Jeelings aside and had a high-level intellectual discussion of the matter ' '. couldn't rise above his emotions ' '.

. , , , . - , , - , , - .

.

, :

- .

- . , HAPPY IS UP ' - ' , . ( , , , I'm feeling up ' ', My spirits rose - ' '.)

- , . , - , - , - , - , - . - - .

- ; . . ( , .)

- . , . , , , (). HAPPY IS WIDE; SAD IS NARROW ' - ; -'. , , , , - , I'm feeling expansive .: ' , ; '; , I'm feeling up. ; , " ", " ". - - , - . .

- , - , . " ". , "", . - ? , . - , .

- , , , - , - , / . high high-energy particles ' ' MORE IS UP ' - '. High high-level functions ' ', , RATIONAL IS UP ' - '. low low-level phonology ' ' ( , ) MUNDANE REALITY IS LOW ' () -' (. down-to-earth ' , '). , .

- . .

- , .

. . - . , . , . , - - - . , , , . , ; , .

. , - - , .

, .

. - is ''- MORE IS UP ' - ', , .

, , . , , - ; - That's up in the air ' ' The matter is settled ' '. UNDERSTANDING IS GRASPING ' ()', I couldn't grasp his explanation ' '.

, - , . , , , ( ). - ; - .

- , - - ( I'm finishing up ' '). , , . . , - - .

V

. , , - - - .

" ( ) - " - - .

" ( ) - " .

" ( )-" - - .

" ( ) - " .

" " - - .

" " .

" (There will be more in the future)" - - .

" " - - .

. " " - . " " . " " - ( ). , . , , , . , , , ; , , , .

- . , , , , , . ( ) , , . , - , , , . - - Inflation is rising ' ' The crime rate is going up ' '. ; , - .

, , . , . , - , , , , , . , , , . ( ), , - - . , - - .

, , , , . . , , . - - , - . - , . - , , ; - , , - . , () ( ). , . , , , . - , , - - , , . . , , , , .

, , , , . . , , .

" - ", . , , . " - ". - - ; . , " - ", " - ", " - ", " - " . . , , , , , .

VI

. " - ", " - ", " -./ -.- " (on - off), " - " " - " . , , , . , . . , , , , .

, , , , . ., . - , , . , , .

, , ( ), , , , , . . .

; . , , , , (entity), inflation ''. :

Inflation is lowering our standard of living ' '. If there's much more inflation, we'll never survive ' (.: ), '. We need to combat inflation ' '. Inflation is backing us into a corner ' '.

Inflation is taking its toll at the checkout counter and the gas pump

' '.

Buying land is the best way of dealing with inflation ' - '. Inflation makes me sick ' '.

, , , , , . .

, , . , . (referring)

My fear of insects is driving my wife crazy ' '. That was a beautiful catch

' '. We are working toward peace ' '. The middle class is a powerful silent force in American politics ' - '.

The honor of our country is at stake in this war ' '.

will take a lot of patience to finish this book

' '.

There is so much hatred in the world

' '.

DuPont has lot of political power in Delaware

' '.

You've got too much hostility in you

' '.

Pete Rose has a lot of hustle and baseball know-how

' '.

The ugly side of his personality comes out under pressure ' '.

The brutality of war dehumanizes us all ' - '. I can't keep up with the pace of modern life ' '. His emotional health has deteriorated recently ' '. We never got to feel the thrill of victory in Vietnam ' '.

The pressure of his responsibilities caused his breakdown

' '.

did it out of anger

' '.

Our influence in the world has declined because of our lack of

moral fiber

' -

'.

Internal dissension cost them the pennant

' '.

went to New York to seek fame and fortune

- , ', Here's what you have to do to insure financial security ' '.

I'm changing my way of life so that I can find true happiness ' , '.

The FBI will act quickly in the face of a threat to national security

' '.

She saw getting married as the solution to her problems ' '.

, . , , , - , . . , . . THE MIND IS AN ENTITY ' - ', . (MIND)- -

We're still trying to grind out the solution to this equation ' (.: , ) '. My mind just isn't operating today '. Boy, the wheels are turning now! ' , !' I'm a little rusty today

' - (.: )'. We've been working on this problem all day and now we're running out of steam

' , '.

(MIND) -

Her ego is very fragile

' (.: "") '. You have to handle him with care since his wife's death

'

'.

broke under cross-examination

' '.

She is easily crushe ' '.

The experience shattered him ' '.

I'm going to pieces ' '.

His mind snapped

.: ' '.

. . - , : , (" "), , , . - :

, . , . :

broke down

' ' ( - ).

' (.: )' ( - ).

. , . , . , , - , : cracked up. , , , : broke down.

, , . , , . cracked under pressure ' ' . , - . . , - , ; . ,

. , ; . , " - ". ' , . , . . - , . , , , , , . . , ( ) , . , , , . , , , , , , . , . , . , , , . . , , - , : There's a lot of land in Kansas ' - '.

() . , , . , . , . -, -.

. , - . "visual field ( )". ; , , ( , . .), . , , - . , :

The ship is coming into view

' (.: )'.

I have him in sight

' '.

I can't see him - the tree is ire the way

' - (.: )

'.

He's out of sight now

' '.

That's in the center of my field of vision

' '.

There's nothing in sight

' '.

I can't get all of the ships ire sight at once

' '.

, , . , , () (events, actions, activities, and states). , ( ) - , - . , (race) , (). , . -, ( ), ( ) , ( ). , :

Are you in the race on Sunday? ' ?' ( -). Are you going to the race?

' ?' ( ).

Did you see the race?

' ?' ( ). The finish of the race was really exciting ' ' ( - -). There was a lot of good running in the race ' (.: )' ( ).

I couldn't do much sprinting until the end ' (.: } ' ( ).

Halfway into the race, I ran out of energy ' (.: ) ' ( -). He's out of the race now

' (.: ) ' ( -).

() : In washing the window, I splashed water all over the floor

' (.: ), '.

How did Jerry get out of washing the windows?

' (.: )

?' Outside of washing the windows, what else did you do?

' (.: ),

?'

How much window-washing did you do?

' ?' (.: '

?').

How did you get into window-washing as a profession?

' (.: )

?'

He's immersed in washing the windows right now

' (.: '.

, () , . , , , :

I put a lot of energy into washing the windows

' '.

I get a lot of satisfaction out of washing windows

' (.: ) '.

There is a lot of satisfaction in washing windows

' (.: )'.

. , :

He's in love

' (.: )'. We're out of trouble now

' (.: ) '.

He's coming out of the coma ' '. I'm slowly getting into shape ' '. entered a state of euphoria ' '. fell into a depression ' '.

finally emerged from the catatonic state he had been in since the end of finals week

', , , '.

 

 





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